Accounting for Hydrologic and Land-Atmospheric Functions of Man-Made Reservoirs across Canadian Regions

考虑加拿大各地区人造水库的水文和陆地-大气功能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05470
• 负责人: Nazemi, Alireza
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=660725
• 关键词: Accounting; Hydrologic; Land; Atmospheric; Functions

Manmade reservoirs are key to water resource management in Canada and throughout the world, and are used for multiple purposes, ranging from hydropower production to water supply, flood protection and recreation. Despite major socio-economic benefits, massive environmental changes are associated with reservoir operation. Most importantly, significant regulative effects are associated with reservoirs' impoundment, which can severely perturb the streamflow regime and surface water storage in time and space. In addition, reservoirs alter the natural land cover to open water, and therefore, perturb the water and energy fluxes between the land and the atmosphere. This may further interact with local and regional climate, and lead to a new form of “anthropogenic climate change”, beyond the emission of Greenhouse Gases.***Addressing the regulative and land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs requires representing their functions through generic mathematical algorithms and including them into the structure of large-scale models for impact assessment. Despite urgent need for improved quantitative understanding, current modeling and prediction capability is widely incomplete and is subject to large uncertainty. Most fundamentally, the land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs are wholly unaccounted. In addition, existing algorithms for representing the regulative effects of reservoirs have major limitations and result into considerable bias in simulating current and future effects of reservoirs. Such gaps necessitate major scientific developments towards improved representation of reservoir operation and their regulative and land-atmospheric effects at larger scales.***This 5-years research program is proposed to put a major step towards improved assessment of current and future effects of reservoirs on water, energy and climate cycles. The short-term scope of this program is on developing improved models for assessing the regulative and land-atmospheric effects of Canadian reservoirs and has three objectives: (1) developing new algorithms for improved representation of regulative effects of reservoir operation; (2) developing coupled representations of regulative and land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs through the novel framework of Unified Reservoir Models, proposed in this program; and (3) assessing current and future effects of reservoir operation on local and basin-wide streamflow and land-atmospheric fluxes across a range of Canadian regions. Apart from providing a set of genetic modeling tools that can be used in other regions and globally, this program offers a first-hand understanding on current and future extents of hydrologic and land-atmospheric changes as a result of reservoir operation in Canada and can inform adaptation and mitigation efforts at local and catchment scales. **

人造水库是加拿大和世界各地水资源管理的关键，可用于从水电生产到供水、防洪和娱乐等多种目的。尽管带来了巨大的社会经济效益，但水库运行也带来了巨大的环境变化。最重要的是，水库蓄水具有显著的调节作用，可以在时间和空间上严重扰乱径流和地表水的储存。此外，水库改变了自然土地覆盖，使之开放水域，从而扰乱了陆地和大气之间的水和能量流动。这可能会进一步与当地和区域气候相互作用，并导致一种新形式的“人为气候变化”，超出温室气体的排放。*解决水库的调节和陆地-大气影响需要通过通用数学算法表示它们的功能，并将它们纳入影响评估的大型模型结构。尽管迫切需要改进量化理解，但目前的建模和预测能力普遍不完善，存在很大的不确定性。最根本的是，水库对陆地-大气的影响完全没有考虑在内。此外，现有的表示水库调节效果的算法有很大的局限性，在模拟水库当前和未来的调节效果时会产生相当大的偏差。这样的差距需要重大的科学发展，以改进对水库运行及其在更大范围内的调节和陆地-大气影响的表述。*这项为期5年的研究计划旨在改进对水库对水、能源和气候循环的当前和未来影响的评估。这一计划的短期范围是开发评估加拿大水库调节和陆地-大气影响的改进模型，并有三个目标：(1)开发新的算法，改进水库运行调节效果的表示；(2)通过本方案提出的统一水库模型的新框架，开发水库调节和陆地-大气影响的耦合表示；以及(3)评估水库运行对加拿大一系列地区的局部和盆地范围的径流和陆地-大气通量的当前和未来影响。除了提供一套可在其他地区和全球使用的遗传建模工具外，该项目还提供了关于加拿大水库运行导致的当前和未来水文和陆地-大气变化范围的第一手了解，并可以为当地和集水区尺度的适应和缓解工作提供信息。**