Accounting for Hydrologic and Land-Atmospheric Functions of Man-Made Reservoirs across Canadian Regions

考虑加拿大各地区人造水库的水文和陆地-大气功能

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05470
• 负责人: Nazemi, Ali
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746396
• 关键词: Accounting; Hydrologic; Land; Atmospheric; Functions

Manmade reservoirs are key to water resource management in Canada and throughout the world, and are used for multiple purposes, ranging from hydropower production to water supply, flood protection and recreation. Despite major socio-economic benefits, massive environmental changes are associated with reservoir operation. Most importantly, significant regulative effects are associated with reservoirs' impoundment, which can severely perturb the streamflow regime and surface water storage in time and space. In addition, reservoirs alter the natural land cover to open water, and therefore, perturb the water and energy fluxes between the land and the atmosphere. This may further interact with local and regional climate, and lead to a new form of “anthropogenic climate change”, beyond the emission of Greenhouse Gases.Addressing the regulative and land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs requires representing their functions through generic mathematical algorithms and including them into the structure of large-scale models for impact assessment. Despite urgent need for improved quantitative understanding, current modeling and prediction capability is widely incomplete and is subject to large uncertainty. Most fundamentally, the land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs are wholly unaccounted. In addition, existing algorithms for representing the regulative effects of reservoirs have major limitations and result into considerable bias in simulating current and future effects of reservoirs. Such gaps necessitate major scientific developments towards improved representation of reservoir operation and their regulative and land-atmospheric effects at larger scales.This 5-years research program is proposed to put a major step towards improved assessment of current and future effects of reservoirs on water, energy and climate cycles. The short-term scope of this program is on developing improved models for assessing the regulative and land-atmospheric effects of Canadian reservoirs and has three objectives: (1) developing new algorithms for improved representation of regulative effects of reservoir operation; (2) developing coupled representations of regulative and land-atmospheric effects of reservoirs through the novel framework of Unified Reservoir Models, proposed in this program; and (3) assessing current and future effects of reservoir operation on local and basin-wide streamflow and land-atmospheric fluxes across a range of Canadian regions. Apart from providing a set of genetic modeling tools that can be used in other regions and globally, this program offers a first-hand understanding on current and future extents of hydrologic and land-atmospheric changes as a result of reservoir operation in Canada and can inform adaptation and mitigation efforts at local and catchment scales.

人工水库是加拿大乃至全世界水资源管理的关键，具有多种用途，从水力发电到供水、防洪和娱乐。尽管有重大的社会经济效益，但与水库运行相关的巨大环境变化。最重要的是，水库的蓄水在时间和空间上对径流状态和地表水的储存量造成了严重的扰动。此外，水库将自然土地覆盖改变为开放水域，因此，扰乱了陆地和大气之间的水和能量通量。这可能会进一步与局部和区域气候相互作用，并导致一种超越温室气体排放的新形式的“人为气候变化”。处理水库的调节效应和陆地大气效应需要通过一般的数学算法表示它们的功能，并将它们纳入影响评估的大型模型结构。尽管迫切需要提高定量认识，但目前的建模和预测能力普遍不完整，并且存在很大的不确定性。最根本的是，水库对陆地大气的影响完全没有得到解释。此外，现有的表征储层调控效应的算法存在很大的局限性，并导致在模拟储层当前和未来影响时存在相当大的偏差。这种差距需要重大的科学发展，以便在更大的尺度上更好地反映水库的运作及其调节和陆地-大气效应。这项为期5年的研究计划旨在为改善水库对水、能源和气候循环的当前和未来影响的评估迈出重要一步。该项目的短期范围是开发用于评估加拿大水库调节效应和陆地大气效应的改进模型，并有三个目标：(1)开发新的算法，以改进水库运行调节效应的表示；(2)通过本项目提出的统一水库模型新框架，建立水库调节效应和陆地-大气效应的耦合表示；(3)评估水库运行对加拿大一系列地区的当地和全流域河流流量以及陆地-大气通量的当前和未来影响。除了提供一套可用于其他地区和全球的遗传建模工具外，该方案还提供了对加拿大水库运行造成的水文和陆地大气变化的当前和未来程度的第一手了解，并可为地方和流域尺度的适应和缓解工作提供信息。