Detonation Dynamics in Chemically Reactive Systems: Modelling, Experiments and Technological Applications

在有利的条件下，在反应体系中可以发生爆炸燃烧，导致周围介质的温度和压力显著增加。爆震是一种超音速、自持、燃烧驱动的波，是在自然界中观察到的一种有趣的动力学事件。这种现象的破坏性意味着，许多工业场所的安全管理都需要对爆轰动力学有很好的了解。适当的可控爆轰燃烧还可以提供创新的应用，特别是对于需要强大驱动源的航空航天系统和微型机械设备。*提出了一个五年研究计划，以促进对爆轰动力学及其潜在技术应用的理解。这将通过分层方法对直接起爆和极限现象的基本爆轰问题进行建模，从基本的基于物理的分析建模到高保真的非定常模拟。建立了综合考虑损失、边界层效应和流动不稳定性等多种机制的速度亏缺和速度极限综合模型。非定常模拟将用于研究近极限爆轰的动力学；数值确定起爆能；以及分析发散爆轰的元胞演化。将评估真实气体效应和复杂化学，包括不同的状态方程和非平衡效应，以改进目前对爆轰的模型描述。除了测量混合替代燃料混合物和分散的反应介质的爆炸危险外，还将进行实验，以探索化学反应流动的化学和热力学状态的突然变化如何影响爆轰，揭示其结构中潜在的动力学过程。最后，我们将探讨爆炸现象的两种不同的应用。第一个应用是关于超音速推进系统的斜爆轰波概念。其目的是通过真实的流动模拟来了解奇数波的形成结构和不稳定性，以开发可行的奇数波发动机。第二个主题是关于燃烧型、控制释放、无针、液体喷射注射药物输送技术的开发。他们的想法是设计一种无针喷油器，利用不同燃烧过程模式产生的压力。*这项研究的最终目标是促进对爆炸如何形成、影响其传播的影响以及在工程应用中以受控方式使用的基本理解。这一研究计划将在能源、国防、航空航天和生物医学行业产生广泛影响，并产生一批具有爆炸安全和爆炸物理专业知识的HQP。

Under favorable conditions, a detonative combustion can occur in a reactive system causing a significant increase in temperature and pressure of the surrounding medium. A detonation is a supersonic, self-sustained, combustion-driven wave, and an intriguing dynamical event observed in nature. The destructive nature of this phenomenon implies a good knowledge of detonation dynamics is required for the safe management of many industrial settings. A proper, controlled detonative combustion can also provide innovative applications particularly for aerospace systems and miniature mechanical devices which require a powerful driving source.******A five year research program is proposed to advance the understanding of detonation dynamics and its potential technological applications. This will be accomplished through modeling of fundamental detonation problems of direct initiation and limit phenomena in a hierarchical approach, from basic physically-based analytical modeling to high-fidelity, unsteady simulations. An integrated model with multiple mechanisms of losses, boundary layer effects and flow instabilities for the velocity deficits and limits will be developed. Unsteady simulations will be used to study the dynamics of near-limit detonations; to numerically determine the initiation energy; and analyze the cellular evolution of diverging detonations. Real gas effects and complex chemistry including different equations of state and non-equilibrium effects will be assessed to improve the current model description of detonations. In addition to the measurement of explosion hazards for blended alternative fuel mixtures and dispersed reactive media, experiments will be conducted to explore how a detonation is affected by sudden changes in chemical and thermodynamic states of the reacting flow, revealing underlying dynamical processes within its structure. Finally, two distinct applications of the detonation phenomenon will be explored. The first application deals with the oblique detonation wave (ODW) concept for supersonic propulsion systems. The aim is to understand the ODW formation structure and instability through realistic flow simulations for developing workable ODW engines. The second topic is on the development of a combustion-type, controlled release, needle-free, liquid jet injection technology for drug delivery. The idea is to design a needle-free injector that will harness the pressure generation from different modes of combustion process. ******The ultimate goal of this research is to advance the fundamental understanding of how a detonation is formed, the effects influencing its propagation, and implementing its use in a controlled manner for engineering applications. This research program will have a broad impact in energy, defense, aerospace and biomedical industries and produce a group of HQPs with expertise in explosion safety and detonation physics.