Robust design and modelling of solar houses: methodology and technologies

太阳能房屋的稳健设计和建模：方法和技术

• 批准号: 418608-2013
• 负责人: OBrien, William
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Carleton University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=661112
• 关键词: Robust; design; modelling; solar; houses

Direct solar gain (AKA passive solar) strategies in houses (detached and row houses) are among the most cost-effective and simplest approaches to significantly reducing total household energy use. They use a combination of large high-performance south-facing windows, thermally-massive materials, and high levels of insulation and air-tightness. However, when designing solar houses using building performance simulation (BPS) many assumptions must be made about occupancy and occupant behaviour (e.g., window openings, electrical appliance use, and heating and cooling setpoints) - despite an [often] high degree of uncertainty. Thus, designers aiming for optimal designs are actually optimizing around a set of assumptions rather than real operating conditions. A greater risk is that the house's performance will be highly-sensitive to the accuracy of the assumptions and that it will under-perform relative to predicted results if and when reality deviates from the assumptions. **Rather than attempt to control the the way occupants behave (which has been proven to be very difficult), the proposed research will develop methods for robust solar house design. This entails implementing design features and control strategies that are significantly less sensitive to a range of occupant-related energy use. Monte Carlo analysis methods combined with building performance simulation and a database of probability distributions for all sources of uncertainty will be used to test the robustness of solar designs.**Utilizing the robustness framework, the proposed research will develop a multi-zone forced-air system that enables better solar heat gains distributions within a house will be designed. The system will be modelled using BPS and airflow networks to assess energy and thermal comfort performance. A major aspect of this research is focused on assessing the convective heat transfer between charged thermal mass (e.g., a concrete floor warmed by the sun) and the adjacent air. Experimental techniques using a highly-instrumented house will complement modelling approaches.**********************

直接太阳能增益（又名被动太阳能）的战略在房屋（独立和排屋）是最具成本效益和最简单的方法，以显着减少家庭能源使用总量。它们使用了大型高性能朝南窗户，热质量材料以及高水平的绝缘和气密性的组合。然而，当使用建筑性能模拟（BPS）设计太阳能房屋时，必须对占用和占用者行为做出许多假设（例如，窗户打开、电器使用以及加热和冷却设定点）-尽管[通常]高度不确定。因此，旨在优化设计的设计者实际上是围绕一组假设而不是真实的操作条件进行优化。一个更大的风险是，该公司的业绩将对假设的准确性高度敏感，如果现实偏离了假设，它将相对于预测结果表现不佳。** 而不是试图控制居住者的行为方式（这已被证明是非常困难的），拟议的研究将开发强大的太阳能房屋设计方法。这需要实施对一系列与居住者相关的能源使用不太敏感的设计特征和控制策略。蒙特卡洛分析方法结合建筑性能模拟和所有不确定性来源的概率分布数据库将用于测试太阳能设计的稳健性。**利用鲁棒性框架，拟议的研究将开发一个多区域强制通风系统，使更好的太阳能热收益分布在一个房子将被设计。该系统将使用BPS和气流网络进行建模，以评估能量和热舒适性能。这项研究的一个主要方面是集中在评估带电热质量（例如，被太阳加热的混凝土地板）和邻近的空气。使用高度仪器化的房屋的实验技术将补充建模方法。