Snow Hydrology

雪水文

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06543
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    加拿大
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助国家:
    加拿大
  • 起止时间:
    2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Snowmelt is the most significant contribution to water resources in most of Canada and so is not only vital to Canada's water security, but forms the basis for many impacts of climate change on Canadian ecosystems, communities and economies. The Alberta Flood of June 2013 was Canada's most expensive natural disaster, with costs >$5 billion, and was contributed to by mountain rain-on-snow processes. The Prairie floods of 2011 cost >$2 billion due to excess snowmelt runoff and the Great Drought of 2009-2013 cost >$3 billion due to lack of local snowmelt runoff and infiltration. Better understanding and prediction of snow processes will contribute to the development of improved flood and drought forecasting techniques, floodplain mapping and risk assessment using hydrological models.The objective of this research is to reduce uncertainty in hydrological prediction by improving the knowledge that underpins the application of physical principles to its simulation. The geographical focus of this research is the Canadian Rockies and Prairies. The goals are to 1) improve the understanding of vertical and horizontal snow mass and energy exchange processes, including rain-on-snow events, 2) better describe the role of grass, shrub and forest vegetation cover in modifying snow accumulation and the radiative and turbulent fluxes, 3) improve the understanding of internal snowpack energy and meltwater storage and release. * A combination of innovative field observation programmes in the Canadian Rockies and Prairies with advances in mathematical simulations of the fundamental hydrological processes deployed in hydrological simulations will be used to examine individual processes of great uncertainty such as rain-on-snow energetics and runoff, accumulation and ablation at edges of forest clearings and at treelines, advection during patchy snowmelt, and meltwater movement and runoff formation along hillslopes and how they affect snow hydrology from small to basin scales. The field programme and computer modelling will contribute to all three objectives through common field sites, a focus on hydrological processes and computational platforms addressing the processes at the field sites. * The study will use new and established research sites in the Canadian Rockies Hydrological Observatory (CRHO), AB and the Brightwater Creek Research Basin (BCRB), SK to supplement baseline measurements with detailed physical measurements. The CRHO is a transect of high-elevation heavily instrumented research basins in the headwaters of the Saskatchewan River Basin. The BCRB is an intensively-instrumented prairie agricultural watershed south of Saskatoon. Short intensive observation periods will be used to focus on process research; first on late-lying snowpacks at Fortress Mountain where the 2012 & 2013 Alberta rain-on-snow floods were centred. A second will focus on snow dynamics in forest clearings and at treelines. A third will examine advection to patchy snowpacks from dry and wet surfaces in prairies and mountains. The fourth will examine snowmelt runoff from deep snow sites. * To tie this together, computer simulations of cold regions hydrology will be used to study rain-on-snow, advection of melt energy, vegetation impacts and meltwater flow through snowpacks as part of the watershed hydrological system. Improved models will be implemented as modules in the flexible, modular Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform to determine the degree to which soil moisture and streamflow predictions in the mountains and prairies are improved by these new snow process descriptions. The results should improve Canada's flood and drought forecast capabilities and allow for better management of mountain headwater and prairie agricultural watersheds.
融雪是加拿大大部分地区对水资源最重要的贡献,因此不仅对加拿大的水安全至关重要,而且构成了气候变化对加拿大生态系统、社区和经济的许多影响的基础。2013年6月的艾伯塔省洪水是加拿大最昂贵的自然灾害,造成了50亿美元的损失,是由山区雨雪过程造成的。由于融雪径流过剩,2011年的大草原洪水造成了20亿美元的损失,2009-2013年的大干旱造成了30亿美元的损失,原因是当地融雪径流和渗透不足。更好地了解和预测降雪过程将有助于发展改进的洪水和干旱预报技术、洪泛区制图和利用水文模型进行风险评估。本研究的目的是通过提高支持物理原理应用于其模拟的知识来减少水文预测的不确定性。本研究的地理焦点是加拿大落基山脉和大草原。目标是:1)提高对垂直和水平雪量和能量交换过程的认识,包括雨雪事件;2)更好地描述草、灌木和森林植被覆盖在改变积雪积累和辐射通量和湍流通量中的作用;3)提高对内部积雪能量和融水储存和释放的认识。*加拿大落基山脉和大草原的创新实地观测方案与水文模拟中部署的基本水文过程数学模拟的进展相结合,将用于检查极不确定的个别过程,如雨雪能量学和径流、森林空地边缘和树线的积累和消融、零星融雪期间的平流、以及沿着山坡的融水运动和径流形成,以及它们如何影响从小尺度到流域尺度的雪水文。实地方案和计算机模型将通过共同的实地场址、注重水文过程和处理实地场址过程的计算平台来促进所有三个目标。*这项研究将使用加拿大落基山脉水文观测站(CRHO)和SK亮水河研究盆地(BCRB)新建和建立的研究地点,以详细的物理测量补充基线测量。CRHO是位于萨斯喀彻温河上游的高海拔、高仪器研究盆地的样带。BCRB是萨斯卡通南部的一个集约化的草原农业分水岭。短期集中观察期将用于工艺研究;首先是在堡垒山的积雪上,那里是2012年和2013年阿尔伯塔省雨雪洪水的中心。第二个将集中在森林空地和树线的雪动态。第三项研究将检查草原和山区干燥和潮湿表面的平流对斑块积雪的影响。第四项研究将检查来自深雪地区的融雪径流。*为了将这些联系在一起,寒冷地区水文学的计算机模拟将用于研究雨雪、融水能量平流、植被影响和融水通过积雪作为流域水文系统的一部分。改进后的模型将作为模块在灵活的模块化寒区水文建模平台中实现,以确定这些新的雪过程描述对山区和草原土壤湿度和流量预测的改善程度。研究结果将提高加拿大的洪水和干旱预报能力,并有助于更好地管理山区水源和草原农业流域。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
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Pomeroy, John其他文献

1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers of cognitive and language ability in clinical subtypes of autism spectrum disorders
  • DOI:
    10.1177/0883073808315423
  • 发表时间:
    2008-07-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.9
  • 作者:
    Gabis, Lidia;Huang, Wei;Pomeroy, John
  • 通讯作者:
    Pomeroy, John
Estimating precipitation phase using a psychrometric energy balance method
  • DOI:
    10.1002/hyp.9799
  • 发表时间:
    2013-06-30
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.2
  • 作者:
    Harder, Phillip;Pomeroy, John
  • 通讯作者:
    Pomeroy, John
Brief Report: Stony Brook Guidelines on the Ethics of the Care of People with Autism and Their Families
ADHD symptom subtypes in children with pervasive developmental disorder

Pomeroy, John的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Pomeroy, John', 18)}}的其他基金

Water Resources and Climate Change
水资源与气候变化
  • 批准号:
    CRC-2016-00144
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Canada Research Chairs
Changing Cold Regions Hydrology
寒冷地区水文学的变化
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04907
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Changing Cold Regions Hydrology
寒冷地区水文学的变化
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04907
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Water Resources And Climate Change
水资源与气候变化
  • 批准号:
    CRC-2016-00144
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Canada Research Chairs
Changing Cold Regions Hydrology
寒冷地区水文学的变化
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04907
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Water Resources and Climate Change
水资源与气候变化
  • 批准号:
    CRC-2016-00144
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Canada Research Chairs
Water Resources and Climate Change
水资源与气候变化
  • 批准号:
    CRC-2016-00144
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Canada Research Chairs
Changing Cold Regions Hydrology
寒冷地区水文学的变化
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04907
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Water Resources and Climate Change
水资源与气候变化
  • 批准号:
    CRC-2016-00144
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Canada Research Chairs
Snow Hydrology
雪水文
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06543
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual

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  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
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雪水文
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-06543
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
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    RGPIN-2014-06543
  • 财政年份:
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    $ 5.25万
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  • 批准号:
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  • 财政年份:
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  • 财政年份:
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  • 资助金额:
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  • 批准号:
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    184176-2009
  • 财政年份:
    2011
  • 资助金额:
    $ 5.25万
  • 项目类别:
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