Changing Cold Regions Hydrology

寒冷地区水文学的变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04907
• 负责人: Pomeroy, John
• 金额: $ 4.44万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713920
• 关键词: Changing; Cold; Regions; Hydrology

This Changing Cold Regions Hydrology proposal is guided by broad concerns over the impacts of global warming on cold regions hydrological processes and the resulting impacts on ecosystems and water resources including flooding and drought. Cold regions headwater catchments are the primary sources of freshwater for Canada and most of their runoff comes from snow and ice melt. Snow and ice melt are also the most sensitive parts of the hydrological cycle to climate warming. Advances in 1) observational technology from airborne drones and catchments instrumented with research weather, snow and streamflow stations, 2) computing power from the development of high resolution atmospheric and hydrological modelling platforms that can take advantage of advances in high-performance computing, 3) rapid change in the snow and ice components of Canadian hydrology at the same time as 4) forestry and agricultural practises are poised to shift, have created the urgent need, clear opportunity and new capability to improve the predictability of cold regions water resources under change. Therefore this project focusses on the overall objective of determining the hydrological mechanisms that govern the response of headwater catchments to climate and land use change and better predicting the implications for downstream water resources. It has specific objectives of 1) better understanding and predicting glacier and snow hydrology, 2) better measuring and predicting hydrology in the forested and agricultural zones and 3) using computer models of climate and hydrology to predict the hydrological response to climate change in Canadian headwater catchments that govern the water resource supply to river basins. The research accomplishes this by a combination of field studies in 10 instrumented catchments in the Canadian Rockies, North and Prairies and intensive computer modelling and prediction that is guided by what is learned from field observations. The observational methodology is aided by previously funded Canadian Rockies Hydrological Observatory and the Airborne Cold Regions Observatory capital grants from CFI and previous RTI instrument grants from NSERC that have provided fully operational instrumented research catchments and airborne drones with laser altimeters, thermal, optical and hyperspectral imagery. The study is also aided by the CFREF Global Water Futures and Canada Research Chairs programs which provide technical, logistical and modelling and logistical help along with specialized laboratories for the students working on this project. The results will document the dramatic impacts of the loss of cold on Canadian hydrology and help point the way to sustainable water management for our future, warmer, more variable and possibly wetter climate. It emphasizes the roles of graduate students in discovery and encourages equity, diversity and inclusion in its approach to training HQP through teamwork approaches in fieldwork, modelling and analysis.

这一变化中的寒区水文学提案的指导思想是，人们广泛关注全球变暖对寒区水文过程的影响，以及由此对生态系统和水资源（包括洪水和干旱）的影响。 寒冷地区的源头集水区是加拿大淡水的主要来源，其大部分径流来自冰雪融化。 冰雪融化也是水文循环对气候变暖最敏感的部分。 在以下方面取得的进展：1）机载无人驾驶飞机和装有研究天气、降雪和径流站的集水区的观测技术，2）开发高分辨率大气和水文建模平台的计算能力，这些平台可以利用高性能计算的进展，3）加拿大水文学中冰雪成分的快速变化，同时4）林业和农业植被即将发生变化，这就产生了迫切的需求，明确的机会和新的能力，以提高变化中的寒冷地区水资源的可预测性。因此，本项目的重点是确定水文机制的总体目标，管理上游流域的气候和土地利用变化的反应，更好地预测下游水资源的影响。它的具体目标是：1）更好地了解和预测冰川和积雪水文，2）更好地测量和预测森林和农业区的水文，3）使用气候和水文的计算机模型来预测加拿大水源集水区对气候变化的水文反应，这些集水区管理着河流流域的水资源供应。该研究通过在加拿大落基山脉，北部和大草原的10个仪表集水区进行实地研究，并在实地观察的指导下进行密集的计算机建模和预测来实现这一目标。 观测方法得到了先前资助的加拿大落基山脉水文观测站和来自CFI的机载寒区观测站资本赠款以及NSERC先前的RTI仪器赠款的帮助，这些赠款提供了完全可操作的仪器化研究集水区和机载无人机，包括激光高度计，热，光学和高光谱图像。 该研究还得到了CFREF全球水期货和加拿大研究主席计划的帮助，该计划为从事该项目的学生提供技术，后勤和建模以及后勤帮助沿着专业实验室。 结果将记录寒冷的损失对加拿大水文的巨大影响，并有助于为我们未来的可持续水管理指明方向，更温暖，更多变，可能更潮湿的气候。 它强调研究生在发现中的作用，并鼓励公平，多样性和包容性，通过实地工作，建模和分析的团队合作方法来培训HQP。