Genetic and physiological bases for adaptation of soybeans to mega-environments

大豆适应大环境的遗传和生理基础

• 批准号: 513541-2017
• 负责人: Rajcan, Istvan
• 金额: $ 23万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=662932
• 关键词: Genetic; physiological; bases; adaptation; soybeans

Since 1980 soybean production in Canada has grown almost 10-fold (SoyCanada, 2017). The world soybean production continues to increase as well, especially in Brazil and Argentina. However, new markets for soybean production are developing around the world. Perhaps the fastest growing market is in the Ukraine, which is expected to increase its soybean production area from about 3 million hectares (ha) in 2016 to about 10 million ha by 2022. Partly due to similarities in the climate and latitude, many current successful soybean cultivars grown in the Ukraine have been developed in Canadian breeding program including the University of Guelph's. This has created excellent opportunities for Canadian seed companies to build their business and export seeds from Canada to increase the profits and benefits to their own business as well as to Canadian economy. The aim of the proposed research is to gain a better understanding of underlying genetic and physiological bases for high yield and improved agronomic and seed quality traits when breeding for target environment, especially those that are overseas. To achieve this Genome Wide Association Analysis (GWAS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) on biparental populations designed to validate QTL will be used along methods in concert with methods aimed at determining the physiological basis of yield and stress tolerance in soybean. The improved understanding of these principles and the development of breeding and selection tools to facilitate better products will allow for significant growth of the export markets for seed companies in Canada.

自1980年以来，加拿大的大豆产量增长了近10倍（加拿大农业部，2017年）。世界大豆产量也在继续增加，特别是在巴西和阿根廷。然而，大豆生产的新市场正在世界各地发展。增长最快的市场可能是乌克兰，预计到2022年，乌克兰的大豆生产面积将从2016年的约300万公顷增加到约1000万公顷。部分由于气候和纬度的相似性，目前在乌克兰种植的许多成功的大豆品种都是在加拿大育种计划中培育出来的，其中包括圭尔夫大学的育种计划。 这为加拿大种子公司创造了极好的机会，可以建立业务并从加拿大出口种子，以增加其自身业务和加拿大经济的利润和利益。拟议研究的目的是更好地了解在目标环境下育种时高产和改善农艺性状和种子质量性状的潜在遗传和生理基础，特别是那些在海外。 为了实现这种全基因组关联分析（GWAS），将使用设计用于验证QTL的双亲群体上的数量性状基因座（QTL），沿着方法与旨在确定大豆产量和胁迫耐受性的生理基础的方法相一致。对这些原则的更好理解以及育种和选择工具的开发，以促进更好的产品，将使加拿大种子公司的出口市场大幅增长。