Unraveling the igneous and overprinting alteration histories of volcanic terrains on Earth and Mars

解开地球和火星火山地形的火成岩和叠印蚀变历史

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-03948
• 负责人: Schmidt, Mariek
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Brock University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664490
• 关键词: Unraveling; igneous; overprinting; alteration; histories

Diverse igneous, aqueous alteration, and sedimentary processes influence volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks on Earth and Mars. As a Canadian Space Agency (CSA)-supported Participating Scientist on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission, I am interested in differentiating the relative contributions of these processes for the investigation of terrestrial geologic problems that are also relevant to understanding the evolution of Mars, including the character of the Martian mantle and potential for microbial life. The MSL Curiosity rover has encountered a diverse suite of lithologies, including evolved alkaline igneous rocks, clay-rich basaltic mudstones, sandstones, and conglomerates. Complementary terrestrial studies critically influence our interpretations of the environment and conditions under which these rocks formed. Proposed research includes: (1) characterizing the relative influences of mantle metasomatism, high-pressure fractionation, and crustal contamination on evolved alkaline magmatism on Earth and Mars; (2) constraining the conditions and relative timing of biotic and abiotic alteration at continental basaltic volcanic fields; and (3) quantifying the effects of sediment transport and chemical weathering on volcanic fragmental materials. My overall approach is to identify relevant and interesting petrologic problems and then to apply the appropriate analytical techniques. In addition to standard field and petrographic techniques, analyses include but are not restricted to: X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Alpha Particle X-ray Spectroscopy (APXS) for whole rock geochemistry, Electron microprobe and Laser Ablation ICP-MS for elemental and isotopic micro-analysis, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for bulk mineral identification, and micro-XRD and Raman spectroscopy for in situ mineral phase identification. I anticipate supporting 6 MSc and at least 3 BSc students with this request over the next 5 years. Students will receive training in variety of field and analytical techniques and will become experienced in Mars relevant and Mars mission datasets.

不同的火成岩、水蚀变和沉积过程影响着地球和火星上的火山和火山碎屑岩。作为加拿大航天局(CSA)支持的参与火星科学实验室(MSL)任务的科学家，我感兴趣的是区分这些过程对研究陆地地质问题的相对贡献，这些问题也与理解火星的演化有关，包括火星地幔的特征和微生物生命的潜力。MSL好奇号火星车遇到了一套不同的岩性，包括演化的碱性火成岩、富含粘土的玄武岩泥岩、砂岩和砾岩。互补的陆地研究严重影响了我们对这些岩石形成的环境和条件的解释。建议的研究包括：(1)表征地幔交代、高压分馏和地壳污染对地球和火星上演化的碱性岩浆作用的相对影响；(2)限制大陆玄武岩火山田生物和非生物蚀变的条件和相对时间；(3)量化沉积物搬运和化学风化对火山碎屑物质的影响。我的总体方法是找出相关和有趣的岩石学问题，然后应用适当的分析技术。除了标准的野外和岩石学技术外，分析还包括但不限于：用于全岩地球化学的X射线荧光(XRF)、电感耦合质谱仪(ICP-MS)、α粒子X射线光谱(APXS)、用于元素和同位素显微分析的电子微探针和激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(EMS)、用于散体矿物鉴定的粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、以及用于原位矿物物相鉴定的显微X射线衍射和拉曼光谱。我预计在未来5年内支持6名硕士和至少3名理科学生的这一请求。学生将接受各种实地和分析技术方面的培训，并将在火星相关和火星任务数据集方面积累经验。