Nano-structured lithium-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrids with intergrown electrodes.

由于对化石燃料消耗影响的担忧与日俱增，可再生能源处于历史高位。因此，世界各地的实验室正在进行令人兴奋的研究，以生产用于能源生产和减少消耗的新技术。我们自己的研究计划专注于开发储能设备，即锂电池。**这项提案展示了我们的旗舰产品：具有互穿电极的3D电池。其目标是改变电池的构造方式，A)最大限度地减少电池中不储存电荷的“死重”(电流收集器、碳添加剂等)。B)降低高功率运行时的能量损耗。为此，我们必须废除固态正极材料和碳/聚合物粘结剂/活性材料复合电极，自1980年代锂离子电池问世以来，它们一直是锂离子电池的标志。相反，电荷将储存在与导电聚合物相连的氧化还原分子中。这种范式转变除了提供一种可以穿透多孔阳极的材料外，还有几个优点，例如利用现代分子合成定制氧化还原过程的前所未有的能力。因此，我们的研究计划提供了跨学科和多样化的HQP培训环境，涵盖有机、聚合物和固态化学、材料表征、电化学和计算机建模。**由于电池提供独特的能力来存储来自风能和太阳能等可再生能源的能量，目标设备和培训的HQP将在改善加拿大环境方面处于有利地位。此外，作为高功率设备的目标3D电池特别适合于汽车、电梯、起重机等的能量回收。因此，这项建议提出的推动加拿大经济发展的潜力来自于生产3D电池技术、它们的应用以及训练有素的HQP，这将有助于支持加拿大工业对高度扩张和有利可图的锂电池市场的竞标。

Renewable energy, driven by growing concerns about the impact of fossil-fuel consumption, is at an all time high. As such, exciting research is being conducted in laboratories around the world to produce new technologies for energy generation and consumption reduction. Our own research program focuses on the development of devices for energy storage i.e. lithium batteries. ** This proposal presents our flagship: the 3D battery with interpenetrating electrodes. The objective is to transform how batteries are constructed, to A) minimize the "dead weight" that does not store charge in the battery (the current collector, carbon additives etc.) and B) reduce the energy loss during high power operation. To this end we must do away with the solid-state cathode material AND the carbon/polymer binder/active material composite electrode that has been the hallmark of lithium-ion batteries since their inception in the 1980ies. The charge will instead be stored in redox molecules linked to conducting polymers. This paradigm shift has several advantages in addition to providing a material that can interpenetrate the porous anode, such as an unprecedented ability to tailor the redox process using modern molecular synthesis. Our research program therefore provides an interdisciplinary and diversified HQP training environment covering organic, polymeric and solid-state chemistry, material characterization, electrochemistry, and computer modeling.** Because batteries offer a unique ability to store energy from renewable sources like wind and solar, the targeted devices and the trained HQP will be in a strong position to improve Canada's environment. Further, the targeted 3D batteries as high power devices are uniquely suited for energy recovery in cars, elevators, cranes etc. As such, this proposals potential for driving economic development in Canada comes from producing 3D battery technology,their application, and the trained HQP's that will help support Canadian industry's bid for the highly expansive and lucrative lithium battery market.** ****