Genomics of ash-emerald ash borer interactions

白蜡树-翡翠白蜡虫相互作用的基因组学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-05892
• 负责人: Séguin, Armand
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=664675
• 关键词: Genomics; ash; emerald; borer; interactions

The emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive wood-boring beetle whose larvae tunnel under the bark of ash trees and can kill an infested tree within a few years. The EAB was introduced accidentally from Asia in the 1990s, and since its discovery in the Detroit-Windsor area in 2002, the insect has spread across Ontario and into Quebec (as well as to large parts of the USA), killing millions of ash trees in forests, parks and metropolitan areas. Ash is a key species in urban forestry, making up a significant proportion (up to 40%) of urban trees in municipalities across Canada. During ash infestation, the EAB feeds on the tree's phloem, resulting in the progressive destruction of the vascular system of the tree. There is a pressing need to explore current tree genomics tools to better understand ash response to the EAB in order to improve its management and provide genetic markers for tree improvement.******The mechanisms of resistance to EAB attack are currently unknown; however, it is possible to investigate the biochemical processes that underlie the ash defense response in susceptible trees (ie. Green Ash). Asian species of ash show greater resistance than North American species because they have coevolved with the insect. Studies focusing on the vascular cambium of resistant vs susceptible ash trees after larval feeding have revealed an overlapping set of defense related genes that display increased gene expression in EAB resistant trees. This research program will focus on the use of an integrated systems approach to identify the genes that are activated during the defense response to EAB, in order to identify the key regulatory elements governing this induction. By identifying the main components of the molecular switch of the defense response we should be able to improve stimuli response either by genetic or physiological means for a swifter and/or stronger stress response to prevent the spread of the EAB.

祖母绿灰螟（EAB）是一种侵入性的钻木甲虫，其幼虫在灰树的树皮下钻隧道，可以在几年内杀死受感染的树木。EAB是在20世纪90年代偶然从亚洲引入的，自从2002年在底特律-温莎地区发现以来，这种昆虫已经蔓延到安大略和魁北克（以及美国的大部分地区），杀死了森林，公园和大都市地区的数百万棵白蜡树。水曲柳是城市林业的关键物种，在加拿大各城市的城市树木中占很大比例（高达40%）。在灰侵染期间，EAB以树的韧皮部为食，导致树的脉管系统的逐步破坏。迫切需要探索当前的树木基因组学工具，以更好地了解白蜡树对EAB的反应，以改善其管理并为树木改良提供遗传标记。抗EAB攻击的机制目前尚不清楚;然而，有可能调查易感树木中灰防御反应的生物化学过程（即。绿色灰）。亚洲物种的白蜡树比北美物种表现出更大的抵抗力，因为它们与昆虫共同进化。研究集中在维管形成层的抗性与敏感白蜡树幼虫喂养后，揭示了一套重叠的防御相关基因，显示增加的基因表达EAB抗性树。该研究计划将侧重于使用综合系统方法来识别在EAB防御反应过程中激活的基因，以确定控制这种诱导的关键调控元件。通过识别防御反应的分子开关的主要成分，我们应该能够通过遗传或生理手段改善刺激反应，以获得更快和/或更强的应激反应，以防止EAB的传播。