Catalysis in two dimensions for clean energy

清洁能源的二维催化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-03848
• 负责人: Smith, Kevin
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=665470
• 关键词: Catalysis; two; dimensions; clean; energy

The development of new thermocatalytic conversion processes that address the evolving need to replace fossil fuels with green alternatives such as biomass, has been identified as one of the grand challenges facing catalysis science and technology. To meet this challenge, the rational design of new catalysts that convert biomass to useful fuels and chemicals, is needed. Catalyst activity and selectivity are determined by the surface chemical properties of a catalyst, which in turn are determined by the catalyst composition and nanostructure. The importance of catalyst structure has driven recent developments in ultrathin, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, sheet-like structures that are a few atoms or layers thick (2, CO and CO2) and crude bio-oils, both of which are readily produced from second generation biomass such as wood waste.***The application of 2D materials in heterogeneous thermocatalytic reactors has been limited since they are usually synthesized as unsupported nanostructures. Consequently, they are unstable at elevated temperatures and are not easily formed into spheres, pellets or extrudates that can be used in heterogeneous (fixed-bed or fluid-bed) reactors. This research will study the preparation of 2D heterostructures to provide the thermal stability and form (particle shape) needed for use in heterogeneous fixed-bed and fluid-bed reactors. The new catalysts produced will be assessed using micro-scale reactors (catalyst loading < 100 mg) so as to obtain the mechanistic and kinetic information needed to extend our understanding of the relationship between the 2D nanostructures and their activity or selectivity for the chosen thermocatalytic reactions. Scale-up and catalyst stability of the most promising candidate catalysts will be assessed in the Biorefining Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) demonstration facility at UBC, recently funded by CFI. This facility will provide slip-streams of synthesis gas and bio-oil to larger scale reactors (catalyst loading 10-25 grams) to determine catalytic performance over extended periods of time (ca. 30 days) under conditions that will closely mimic industrial operations. **

开发新的热催化转化工艺，以满足用生物质等绿色替代品取代化石燃料的不断发展的需求，已被确定为催化科学和技术面临的重大挑战之一。为了应对这一挑战，需要合理设计将生物质转化为有用燃料和化学品的新催化剂。催化剂活性和选择性由催化剂的表面化学性质决定，而催化剂的表面化学性质又由催化剂组成和纳米结构决定。催化剂结构的重要性推动了最近在纳米材料、二维（2D）纳米材料、几个原子或层厚的片状结构（2、CO和CO2）和粗生物油方面的发展，这两种材料都很容易从第二代生物质（如木材废料）中生产出来。二维材料在非均相热催化反应器中的应用受到限制，因为它们通常是以无支撑的纳米结构合成的。因此，它们在高温下不稳定，并且不容易形成可用于非均相（固定床或流化床）反应器的球体、粒料或挤出物。本研究将研究2D异质结构的制备，以提供用于非均相固定床和流化床反应器所需的热稳定性和形式（颗粒形状）。将使用微型反应器（催化剂负载< 100 mg）评估所产生的新催化剂，以获得扩展我们对2D纳米结构与其对于所选热催化反应的活性或选择性之间的关系的理解所需的机械和动力学信息。最有前途的候选催化剂的放大和催化剂稳定性将在最近由CFI资助的UBC生物精炼研究和创新中心（BRIC）示范设施中进行评估。该设施将为较大规模的反应器（催化剂负载量为10-25克）提供合成气和生物油的滑流，以确定长时间（约10-25分钟）内的催化性能。30天），条件下，将密切模仿工业操作。**