Wind Effects on Buildings and their Codification

申请人在风对建筑物的影响及其编纂方面的研究不仅对加拿大而且对其他国家的风标准和建筑实践规范的发展产生了影响。本发现拨款计划旨在继续或启动以下领域的实验和计算研究：***-不同平面视图形状（如l形、t形、梯形等）建筑物的风压载荷。覆层、次级和初级结构系统载荷，特别强调扭转，将以适合纳入设计标准和操作规范的简化形式进行评估和呈现。本研究提出了一种详细的创新方法。***-位于建筑物屋顶或地面上的太阳能电池板的风压。一排排或一排排的太阳能电池板广泛用于建筑物的屋顶或地面上，但由于评估困难，它们的风荷载尚不清楚。事实上，以往的研究结果存在很大的差异。因此，为了所有建筑设计专业人员的利益，建立太阳能电池板设计的实际负荷并将其纳入风设计标准和实践规范是至关重要的。***-地形和上游暴露特征对建筑物风荷载的影响。***基于上游地形粗糙度和不同地形的暴露表征是风荷载链中的薄弱环节，因为各种各样的配置包括所有非均匀（过渡/中断）情况。***-受非天气风（如下沉气流、龙卷风等）影响下建筑物的风压。***近期的风灾是由极端恶劣天气事件造成的，例如本地强下沉气流或龙卷风及其他不稳定的风。因此，建议研究这些风系统对建筑物荷载功能的影响，并调查风标准和操作规范为这些情况推荐不同风压的可能性。***所有实验将在康考迪亚大学的大气边界层风洞中进行，这在魁北克省是独一无二的。***申请人研究项目的研究成果将直接（通过具体的设计指南）或间接（通过风标准和建筑实践规范的规定）对专业人员（结构设计专业人员，执业工程师和建筑师）以及该领域的其他研究人员有用。

The applicant's research in the area of wind effects on buildings and their codification has been influential in the development of wind standards and building codes of practice not only in Canada but also in other countries. The proposal for this discovery grant intends to continue or initiate experimental and computational research in the following areas:***- Wind pressure loads on buildings of different plan view shapes such as L-shape, T-shape, trapezoidal and the like. Cladding, secondary and primary structural system loads, with particular emphasis on torsion, will be evaluated and presented in a simplified form suitable for incorporation in design standards and codes of practice. A detailed innovative methodology has been proposed for this study.***- Wind pressures on solar panels located on building roofs or on the ground.***Rows or arrays of solar panels are used extensively on building roofs or on the ground but wind loads on them are not known due to the difficulties in their evaluation. In fact, there is a large discrepancy in the results of previous studies. It is thus critical to establish realistic loads for solar panel design and incorporate them in wind design standards and codes of practice for the benefit of all building design professionals.***- Effects of topography and upstream exposure characterization on wind loads on buildings.***Characterization of an exposure based on upstream terrain roughness and different topographies is a weak link in the wind loading chain because of the great variety of configurations including all non-homogeneous (transition/interruption) cases.***- Wind pressures on buildings under the influence of non-synoptic winds such as downdrafts, tornadoes and the like.***Recent wind-induced damages were caused by severe weather extreme events such as local strong downdrafts or tornadoes and other non-stationary winds. It is therefore proposed to study the effects of such wind systems on the loading function of buildings and investigate the possibility that different wind pressures may be recommended by the wind standards and codes of practice for these cases.***All experiments will take place in the Concordia University's atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel, which is unique in the province of Quebec.***The research outcome of the applicant's research program will be useful to the profession (structural design professionals, practicing engineers and architects) either directly (through specific design guidelines) or indirectly (through provisions in wind standards and building codes of practice) and to other researchers in the field.