Detection and Processing of Information in Three-Dimensional Space

三维空间信息检测与处理

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-04088
• 负责人: Sun, Hongjin
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=666188
• 关键词: Detection; Processing; Information; Three; Dimensional

The long-term aim of my research programme is to understand the fundamental perceptual principles underlying human spatial abilities. Using virtual reality (VR) technology and various real world testing paradigms, we will further pursue the following three lines of research 1) multisensory integration in locomotion and 2) visual control of impending collision; 3) perception of visual events in near peripersonal and extrapersonal space.* Our first line of research focuses on how the human brain interprets and integrates visual (optic flow) and body-based (proprioceptive, vestibular) information during locomotion. In order to assess the role of each sensory cue individually and gain a better understanding of how these cues interact with and are integrated with one another to form a single perception, we have used several novel experimental paradigms involving self-motion (such as bicycling and walking) to create cue conflict scenarios. The next goal of this first research program will concentrate on further investigating and quantifying the dynamic interactions that occur between visual and body-based information during self-motion. By modeling the empirical findings using Bayesian model we will be better equipped to quantify how previous sensory experiences affect current sensory processing. This line of research will not only help us understand the mechanisms involved in perception of travelled distance, but also provides insight into the general principles that define how the brain combines multiple sources of information.* While our first line of research focus on the multisensory processing of the extent of PAST movement of the observers in the environment, our second line of research concentrate on the visual processing of FUTURE collision before the observers intercept objects in the environment during either object motion (e.g., an oncoming car), and the motion of the visual environment experienced as a result of the observer's self-motion (e.g., walking and driving). Our recent studies provided clear empirical evidence demonstrating that observers use optical variable tau to make judgement of impending collision. In our next grant period we will conduct psychophysical studies exploring the mechanisms of processing for more complicated forms of motion. We will compare human performance under object motion, self-motion, or both. In addition to perception of motion, we will also examine visual motor control in complex, naturalistic forms of motion processing and collision avoidance in simulated driving tasks on our high-end driving simulator (equipped with eye tracking). * Our third line of research will follow up our recent exciting discoveries of differential processing of visual targets presented at near (peripersonal) and far (extrapersonal) viewing distances, even though visual stimuli in near and far viewing conditions were matched for visual angle and luminance. We will continue to examine the underlying mechanisms for such a viewing distance effect. Our pilot data so far suggest that near and far visual spaces might be differentially processed by dorsal and ventral visual streams respectively.* The setups in our VR laboratory afford great experimental control over three-dimensional, multisensory, dynamic, ecologically valid, stimulus presentations. This research program has not only allowed me to explore fundamental perceptual principles underlying visuomotor control, but it can also be employed in the design of better standardized tests and training/rehabilitation for drivers/pilots and the design of car, road sign and driving/flight simulators.

我的研究计划的长期目标是了解人类空间能力的基本感知原则。利用虚拟现实（VR）技术和各种真实的世界测试范例，我们将进一步追求以下三条研究路线：1）运动中的多感官整合; 2）即将发生的碰撞的视觉控制; 3）近个人和超个人空间中视觉事件的感知。 我们的第一条研究线集中在人类大脑如何解释和整合运动过程中的视觉（光流）和基于身体的（本体感受，前庭）信息。为了单独评估每个感官线索的作用，并更好地了解这些线索如何相互作用，并相互整合，形成一个单一的感知，我们使用了几个新的实验范式，涉及自我运动（如骑自行车和步行），以创建线索冲突的情况。第一个研究项目的下一个目标将集中在进一步研究和量化自我运动过程中视觉和身体信息之间发生的动态相互作用。通过使用贝叶斯模型对实证结果进行建模，我们将更好地量化先前的感觉体验如何影响当前的感觉处理。这一系列的研究不仅有助于我们理解感知旅行距离的机制，还有助于我们深入了解大脑如何结合多种信息来源的一般原理。 虽然我们的第一条研究线专注于观察者在环境中的过去运动程度的多感官处理，但我们的第二条研究线专注于观察者在物体运动期间拦截环境中的物体之前对未来碰撞的视觉处理（例如，迎面而来的汽车），以及由于观察者的自运动而经历的视觉环境的运动（例如，步行和驾驶）。我们最近的研究提供了明确的经验证据，证明观测者使用光学变量τ来判断即将发生的碰撞。在我们的下一个资助期内，我们将进行心理物理学研究，探索处理更复杂形式的运动的机制。我们将比较人类在物体运动、自我运动或两者下的表现。除了运动感知，我们还将在我们的高端驾驶模拟器（配备眼动追踪）上研究复杂，自然形式的运动处理和模拟驾驶任务中的碰撞避免中的视觉运动控制。* 我们的第三条研究线将跟进我们最近令人兴奋的发现，即在近（近个人）和远（远个人）观看距离下呈现的视觉目标的差异处理，即使在近和远观看条件下的视觉刺激在视角和亮度上是匹配的。我们将继续研究这种观看距离效应的潜在机制。到目前为止，我们的试验数据表明，近视觉空间和远视觉空间可能分别由背侧和腹侧视觉流进行差异处理。 我们VR实验室的设置为三维、多感官、动态、生态有效的刺激呈现提供了很好的实验控制。这项研究计划不仅使我能够探索视觉控制的基本感知原则，而且还可以用于设计更好的标准化测试和驾驶员/飞行员的培训/康复以及汽车，路标和驾驶/飞行模拟器的设计。