Combined microbial and chemical contaminants in water during harmful algal blooms: Treatment challenges and advanced oxidation process development

有害藻华期间水中的微生物和化学污染物组合：处理挑战和高级氧化工艺开发

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05290
• 负责人: Zamyadi, Arash
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=669555
• 关键词: Combined; microbial; chemical; contaminants; water

Climate change and human activities have degraded the quality of freshwater sources worldwide, including in Canada. Increased simultaneous presence of nuisance algal/cyanobacterial blooms, pesticides, and fecal contaminants in water supply systems constitute a substantial part of our new environmental challenges. Atrazine pesticide presence increases cyanobacteria and E. coli in water. My recent studies have demonstrated for the first time that breakthrough of cyanobacterial cells into treatment plants, along with the presence of associated toxins and other waterborne pathogens including fecal coliform bacteria, would derail the entire treatment including oxidation process and endanger production of safe potable water. Current research and management strategies do not take into consideration the simultaneous presence and interactions of the combined contaminants. Hence, my short-term 5-year objectives (this program) are to (1) discover impact of mixtures of algae, bacteria, viruses and pesticides on water treatment processes for removal of these contaminates in full-scale plants; (2) identify phenomena governing oxidation of cells and metabolites at different growth phases in presence of combined microbial and chemical contaminants with widely used conventional and advanced processes; and (3) explore application of “cold” plasma processes at atmospheric pressure as novel oxidation sources for removing resilient cells and refractive chemicals. My midterm (test the new tech) and long-term (implement them by municipalities/regulatory agencies) objectives will build on the outcome of this 5-year program to expand the research to broader water quality conditions and to use new detection and treatment processes. My first research program will be executed within three tasks corresponding to my short-term 5-year objectives using state-of-the-art analytical techniques and laboratories, pilot and full-scale set-up. Under this program 4 PhD, 2 MSc and 5 undergraduate students will be trained (HQP 11 and 18 papers). The outcome of my study will lay the foundation for the development of a novel in situ multi-detector system for rapid quantification of simultaneous microbial/algal presence. This research program will provide the knowledge that is urgently required to understand the fundamental mechanisms and thus identify the key parameters that impact oxidation reaction kinetics. This will help us understand the underlying phenomena that lead to breakthrough of toxic compounds into oxidized water. Application of plasma for water purification is another important, highly-innovative aspect of my research. This program is the first of its kind generating the knowledge to develop a new treatment solution that would simultaneously degrade resilient microbial and chemical contaminants preventing breakthrough of waterborne pathogens and toxic compounds into potable water.

气候变化和人类活动降低了包括加拿大在内的世界各地淡水水源的质量。越来越多的有害藻类/蓝藻水华、杀虫剂和粪便污染物同时出现在供水系统中，构成了我们新的环境挑战的重要组成部分。阿特拉津杀虫剂的存在会增加水中的蓝藻和大肠杆菌。我最近的研究首次证明，蓝藻细胞进入处理厂，加上相关毒素和其他水传播病原体的存在，包括粪便大肠菌群，将使整个处理过程脱轨，包括氧化过程，并危及安全饮用水的生产。目前的研究和管理战略没有考虑到组合污染物的同时存在和相互作用。因此，我的短期5年目标(该计划)是：(1)发现藻类、细菌、病毒和杀虫剂的混合物对水处理工艺的影响，以在大规模工厂中去除这些污染物；(2)确定在微生物和化学污染物组合存在的情况下，细胞和代谢物在不同生长阶段的氧化现象；以及(3)探索常压“冷”等离子体工艺作为去除弹性细胞和折射化学品的新型氧化源的应用。我的中期(测试新技术)和长期(由市政当局/监管机构实施)目标将建立在这个五年计划的结果之上，该计划旨在将研究扩展到更广泛的水质条件，并使用新的检测和处理工艺。我的第一个研究计划将在与我的短期5年目标相对应的三项任务中执行，使用最先进的分析技术和实验室、试点和全面设置。在该计划下，将培训4名博士、2名硕士和5名本科生(HQP 11和18篇论文)。我的研究结果将为开发一种新的原位多检测器系统快速定量同时存在的微生物/藻类奠定基础。该研究计划将提供迫切需要的知识，以了解基本机制，从而确定影响氧化反应动力学的关键参数。这将有助于我们了解导致有毒化合物突破到氧化水中的潜在现象。等离子体在净水中的应用是我研究的另一个重要的、高度创新的方面。该项目是此类项目中的第一个，它产生了开发新的处理解决方案的知识，该解决方案将同时降解具有弹性的微生物和化学污染物，防止水中病原体和有毒化合物渗入饮用水。