Optimization and Enhancement of Bioreactor Landfill Technology and Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition

生物反应器填埋技术（BLT）的概念来管理城市固体废物（MSW）是一个有前途的气候变化减缓的选择和可持续发展的技术。然而，高浓度的氨及其抑制作用是一个操作挑战，可能导致甲烷产量低。该提案的主要目标是通过开展3个研究项目，通过减轻氨抑制来优化和增强OFMSW的BLT和厌氧消化（AD）：*#1（MASc）：在不同浓度，pH值，适应水平和微生物群落表征下评估氨抑制OFMSW的中温AD。将根据析因实验设计进行生物甲烷潜力（BMP）测定测试（批量模式和半连续）。BMP测定将在5种NH3浓度和3种pH水平下运行。净累积沼气产量（CBP）将采用方差分析、t检验和响应面方法（RSM）进行统计分析。将通过FISH、16sRNA分析样品以鉴定存在的细菌串，并通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）成像来确定活细胞与死细胞的比率。* #2（PhD-1）：通过从再循环渗滤液中去除氨来提高OFMSW的AD和沼气生产。将在35 ° C下监测生物反应器柱（BC）。垃圾将分层堆放并压实。然后，渗滤液将通过生物浓缩物再循环。每周收集渗滤液样本，分析pH值、DO、COD、TAN、碱度、VFA、ORP。BC1和BC2将作为对照，氨将保持在抑制水平以上。对于BC3和BC4，渗滤液将通过沸石/树脂床进行处理，以去除氨。pH值为6.5。BC5和BC6将与BC3和BC4相似，除了pH为7.5。将收集沼气，并对废物进行表征（TS、VS、.）。将对碳和氮进行质量平衡。将通过FISH、16S rRNA和CLSM分析沥滤液。 * #3（PhD-2）：在将渗滤液再循环回生物反应器填埋场之前，通过混合（分级）成熟和年轻的渗滤液来增强BLT。这是一个新颖的概念，以前没有报道过。申请人通过BMP批次实验对该假设进行了检验，结果令人满意。BC将使用4种新的和成熟的渗滤液混合比例：3/3Y：0/3M，2/3Y：1/3M，1/3Y：2/3M，0/3Y：3/3M。将分析渗滤液的pH值、COD、TAN、碱度、VFA、DO和ORP。沼气将被收集和分析。将对废物进行定性，并对碳和氮进行质量平衡。将通过FISH、16S rRNA和CLSM分析沥滤液。*这项研究将产生深远的技术、社会、环境和/或健康效益，有助于实现更可持续的发展，提高加拿大人的生活质量，并使项目经理、工程师、技术人员和工业从业人员受益。**

The concept of bioreactor landfill technology (BLT) to manage municipal solid waste (MSW) is a promising climate change mitigation option and a sustainable technology. However, high concentrations of ammonia and its inhibitory effects is an operational challenge and could result in low methane production. The main objective of the proposal is the optimization & enhancement of BLT and anaerobic digestion (AD) of OFMSW by mitigating ammonia inhibition through conducting 3 research projects:***#1 (MASc): Assessment of ammonia inhibition on mesophilic AD of OFMSW at different concentrations, pH, level of adaptation, and characterization of microbial communities. Bio-methane potential (BMP) assay tests (batch mode & semi-continuous) will be carried out based on a factorial experimental design. BMP assays will be run with 5 NH3 concentrations & 3 pH levels. The net cumulative biogas production (CBP) will be statistically analyzed using ANOVA, t-test & Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples will be analyzed by FISH, 16sRNA to identify the bacterial strings present & by Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) imaging to determine the ratio of live vs. dead cells. ***#2 (PhD-1): Enhancing AD of OFMSW and biogas production by removal of ammonia from recirculated leachate. Bioreactor columns (BCs) will be monitored at 35 °C. Waste will be placed in layers and compacted. Then, leachate will be recirculated through BCs. Leachate samples will be collected weekly and analyzed for pH, DO, COD, TAN, alkalinity, VFAs, ORP. BC1 & BC2 will act as control and ammonia will be maintained above the inhibitory level. For BC3 & BC4, leachate will be treated by passing through a zeolite/resin bed in order to remove ammonia. pH will be at 6.5. BC5 & BC6 will be similar to BC3 & BC4 except a pH of 7.5. Biogas will be collected and the waste will be characterized (TS, VS,.). A mass balance will be performed for carbon and nitrogen. Leachate will be analyzed by FISH, 16S rRNA, and CLSM. ***#3 (PhD-2): Enhancement of BLT through blending (staging) mature & young leachate before recirculating leachate back into bioreactor landfills. This is an original & novel concept and not reported before. The hypothesis was tested by BMP batch experiments by the applicant with promising results. BCs will be used with 4 mixing ratios of young and mature leachate: 3/3Y:0/3M, 2/3Y:1/3M, 1/3Y:2/3M, & 0/3Y:3/3M. Leachate will be analyzed for pH, COD, TAN, alkalinity, VFAs, DO, and ORP. Biogas will be collected & analyzed. The waste will be characterized and a mass balance will be performed for carbon and nitrogen. Leachate will be analyzed by FISH, 16S rRNA, and CLSM.***The research will have profound technological, social, environmental and/or health benefits that will help achieving a more sustainable development, will improve the quality of life for Canadians and will benefit project managers, engineers, technicians and practitioners in industry. **