Optimization and Enhancement of Bioreactor Landfill Technology and Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Mitigating Ammonia Inhibition

生物反应器填埋技术（BLT）管理城市固体废物（MSW）的概念是一种有前途的减缓气候变化的选择和可持续技术。然而，高浓度氨及其抑制作用是一个操作挑战，可能导致甲烷产量降低。本课题的主要目标是通过开展3个研究项目：***#1 (MASc)：评估氨对不同浓度、pH、适应水平和微生物群落特征下OFMSW中温性AD的抑制作用，通过减轻氨抑制来优化和增强OFMSW的BLT和厌氧消化（AD）。生物甲烷潜力（BMP）测定测试（批量模式和半连续模式）将基于析因实验设计进行。BMP检测将在5种NH3浓度和3种pH水平下进行。净累积沼气产量（CBP）将使用方差分析、t检验和响应面法（RSM）进行统计分析。样品将通过FISH， 16sRNA分析以确定存在的细菌串，并通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）成像确定活细胞与死细胞的比例。***#2 (PhD-1)：通过去除循环渗滤液中的氨来提高OFMSW的AD和沼气产量。生物反应器柱（bc）将在35°C下监测。废物将分层放置并压实。然后，渗滤液将通过bc循环。每周收集渗滤液样本，分析pH、DO、COD、TAN、碱度、VFAs、ORP。BC1和BC2作为对照，氨维持在抑制水平以上。对于BC3和BC4，渗滤液将通过沸石/树脂床进行处理，以去除氨。pH值是6.5。BC5和BC6与BC3和BC4相似，只是pH值为7.5。沼气将被收集，废物将被表征（TS， VS,.）。将对碳和氮进行质量平衡。用FISH、16S rRNA和CLSM分析渗滤液。***#3（博士2）：通过混合（分期）成熟和年轻的渗滤液，然后将渗滤液再循环回生物反应器填埋场，增强BLT。这是一个原创和新颖的概念，以前没有报道过。申请人通过BMP批量实验验证了这一假设，并取得了令人满意的结果。幼渗滤液和成熟渗滤液的混合比例为：3/3Y:0/3M， 2/3Y:1/3M, 1/3Y:2/3M, 0/3Y:3/3M。将分析渗滤液的pH， COD， TAN，碱度，VFAs， DO和ORP。沼气将被收集和分析。将对废物进行表征，并对碳和氮进行质量平衡。用FISH、16S rRNA和CLSM分析渗滤液。***这项研究将具有深远的技术、社会、环境和/或健康效益，将有助于实现更可持续的发展，将改善加拿大人的生活质量，并将有利于项目经理、工程师、技术人员和工业从业人员。**

The concept of bioreactor landfill technology (BLT) to manage municipal solid waste (MSW) is a promising climate change mitigation option and a sustainable technology. However, high concentrations of ammonia and its inhibitory effects is an operational challenge and could result in low methane production. The main objective of the proposal is the optimization & enhancement of BLT and anaerobic digestion (AD) of OFMSW by mitigating ammonia inhibition through conducting 3 research projects:***#1 (MASc): Assessment of ammonia inhibition on mesophilic AD of OFMSW at different concentrations, pH, level of adaptation, and characterization of microbial communities. Bio-methane potential (BMP) assay tests (batch mode & semi-continuous) will be carried out based on a factorial experimental design. BMP assays will be run with 5 NH3 concentrations & 3 pH levels. The net cumulative biogas production (CBP) will be statistically analyzed using ANOVA, t-test & Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples will be analyzed by FISH, 16sRNA to identify the bacterial strings present & by Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) imaging to determine the ratio of live vs. dead cells. ***#2 (PhD-1): Enhancing AD of OFMSW and biogas production by removal of ammonia from recirculated leachate. Bioreactor columns (BCs) will be monitored at 35 °C. Waste will be placed in layers and compacted. Then, leachate will be recirculated through BCs. Leachate samples will be collected weekly and analyzed for pH, DO, COD, TAN, alkalinity, VFAs, ORP. BC1 & BC2 will act as control and ammonia will be maintained above the inhibitory level. For BC3 & BC4, leachate will be treated by passing through a zeolite/resin bed in order to remove ammonia. pH will be at 6.5. BC5 & BC6 will be similar to BC3 & BC4 except a pH of 7.5. Biogas will be collected and the waste will be characterized (TS, VS,.). A mass balance will be performed for carbon and nitrogen. Leachate will be analyzed by FISH, 16S rRNA, and CLSM. ***#3 (PhD-2): Enhancement of BLT through blending (staging) mature & young leachate before recirculating leachate back into bioreactor landfills. This is an original & novel concept and not reported before. The hypothesis was tested by BMP batch experiments by the applicant with promising results. BCs will be used with 4 mixing ratios of young and mature leachate: 3/3Y:0/3M, 2/3Y:1/3M, 1/3Y:2/3M, & 0/3Y:3/3M. Leachate will be analyzed for pH, COD, TAN, alkalinity, VFAs, DO, and ORP. Biogas will be collected & analyzed. The waste will be characterized and a mass balance will be performed for carbon and nitrogen. Leachate will be analyzed by FISH, 16S rRNA, and CLSM.***The research will have profound technological, social, environmental and/or health benefits that will help achieving a more sustainable development, will improve the quality of life for Canadians and will benefit project managers, engineers, technicians and practitioners in industry. **