Biological activity and mechanisms of peptides derived from oat proteins

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*The ability of the human body to maintain a redox balance is compromised in the presence of excess oxidant molecules. This can occur when oxidized foods is consumed, during infection or exposure to transition metals all of which, increased the production of reactive oxygen species (i.e. free radicals). This redox imbalance is involved in the etiology of several chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and macular degeneration. Compounds that have antioxidant activities can prevent oxidative deterioration of foods and also reduce the risk factors associated with the above chronic ailments. Although, the consumption of cereals is correlated with a decreased incidence of some of age-related diseases, the nature of food ingredients responsible for the observed effects and their mechanisms of action are not well defined. **The aim of this research is to identify bioactive peptides in grains and to determine their mechanism of action at the cellular level in order to elucidate the active elements that contribute to disease prevention. Increased utilization of oat seeds for fibres extraction leaves behind a high protein residue about 50% by weight that will be used as sources of new bioactive peptides to prevent the deterioration of foods, to reduce oxidative stress and ultimately improve Canadians' health. The approach will include optimum extraction of proteins and subsequent enzymatic digestion; separations and identification of peptides; and the determination of chemical descriptors responsible for activities. It will also determine the localization of peptides and their interaction with phospholipids in cellular models as well as peptide metabolites. Advantages of using peptides as antioxidant substances in food systems include their additional nutritional functions. The results will lead to a development of model to study the antioxidant properties of food-derived peptides, and to a better understanding of their role in the regulation/prevention of chronic human diseases. It will also enhance value-added utilization of oat seeds with significant economic benefits to the Canadian economy.