Structure-function properties of oat protein-derived antioxidant peptides

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There is an overproduction of unhealthy substances in the human body known as oxygen- and nitrogen-derived radical species during exposure to oxidized foods, toxic substances, or infection with a pathogen. This occurs as a result of an imbalance between the human antioxidant defense system and oxidants (e.g. free radicals) produced in the body. This imbalance is involved in the etiology of several chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and age-related macular degeneration. Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that the consumption of foods like cereals, is correlated with a decreased incidence of some of these diseases. However, the nature of food ingredients responsible for the observed effects and their mechanisms of action are not well defined. The aim of this research is to identify bioactive peptides in grains and determine their mechanism of action at the cellular level in order to elucidate the active elements in disease prevention. Increased utilization of oat seeds for fibre (e.g. beta-glucans) extraction leaves behind a high protein residue (>50% by weight) that will be used as sources of bioactive peptides to reduce oxidative stress and then improve Canadians' health. The approach will involve 1) optimization of oat proteins extraction and enzymatic digestion; 2) separations (by charge and size) and identification of peptides; and 3) antioxidant testing of peptides and structure function relationships. The results will lead to a better understanding of the role of peptide antioxidants in the regulation/prevention of chronic human diseases. Advantages of using peptides as antioxidant substances in food systems include their additional nutritional functions. This work will elucidate relationships between amino acid groups and peptide functionality, and could lead to the development of more effective functional foods and nutraceuticals that will enhance value-added utilization of oat seeds with significant economic benefits to the Canadian economy.