Full Envelope Wind Turbine Control Systems Design

全包络风力发电机控制系统设计

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04236
• 负责人: Pieper, Jeff
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=681847
• 关键词: Full; Envelope; Wind; Turbine; Control

Wind turbines are a means of providing clean, safe and abundant energy. There is limited***environmental impact and the operating costs are low. On the other hand, initial capital costs for***wind turbines are high. As such, long life and predictable operating patterns are desirable. This***proposal aims to improve the life and predictability of operation of wind turbines through full***envelope control. Wind turbines operate in two regimes: moderate wind speeds where the goal is to***extract maximum power and higher wind speeds where power is regulated near capacity. In the***transition between moderate and higher wind speeds the system should efficiently and safely move***between regimes. Most large wind turbines are of a variable speed, variable pitch configuration***where two actuations are used: field excitation of the generator stator, governing rotation as a***braking force; and blade pitch, which affects the aerodynamic lift and drag and generated forces.***For lower operating costs, pitching of the blades is avoided as much as possible as this involves***mechanical components requiring lubrication and bearings with finite lifespans. Thus, at moderate***wind speeds only field excitation is used, while in power regulation mode, both blade pitching and***field excitation are employed. Transitioning from one regime to the other involves a change in the***number of actuators, along with changes in control system goals and in dynamic characteristics. In***the transition region, overspeeding of the turbine can result in exceeding rated conditions for***bearings and torques and forces in the blades and tower structure. All of these issues can greatly***reduce the life expectancy and increase maintenance costs.***Promising methods for feedback control of wind turbines include linear parameter varying concepts,***optimized disturbance rejection methods and model predictive control. Further, switched systems***will allow more flexibility in dealing with varying objectives, number of actuators, and varying***dynamics. Work here will consider the extrapolation of these methods to handle transition region***control and full envelope operation of the turbine. Transition between regimes can induce***oscillations in speed and torques and also increase wear on the pitch actuators. Intelligent choices of***control strategy to avoid nonlinear oscillations would be of benefit to practical implementation.***Finding peak power is fraught with difficulty. Varying dynamics due to blade wear and damage,***uncertain power curve data, and complex interaction between turbines and with the environment***can cause errors in estimating parameters for maximum power extraction. Employment of advanced***feedback control techniques as described in this proposal can improve the efficiency, maximum***power extraction and improve life of the turbine.

风力涡轮机是提供清洁、安全和丰富能源的一种手段。对环境影响有限，运营成本低。另一方面，风力涡轮机的初始资本成本很高。因此，长寿命和可预测的操作模式是理想的。该提案旨在通过全范围控制来提高风力涡轮机的使用寿命和运行的可预测性。风力涡轮机以两种模式运行：中等风速，目标是提取最大功率；较高风速，功率调节至接近容量。在中等风速和较高风速之间的过渡中，系统应有效且安全地在风速之间移动***。大多数大型风力涡轮机采用变速、变桨距配置***，其中使用两种驱动：发电机定子的励磁，控制旋转作为***制动力；和叶片桨距，它影响空气动力升力和阻力以及产生的力。***为了降低运营成本，尽可能避免叶片的俯仰，因为这涉及***需要润滑的机械部件和寿命有限的轴承。因此，在中等风速下，仅使用场励磁，而在功率调节模式下，同时采用叶片变桨距和***场励磁。从一种状态过渡到另一种状态涉及执行器数量的变化，以及控制系统目标和动态特性的变化。在***过渡区域，涡轮机超速可能导致***轴承以及叶片和塔架结构中的扭矩和力超出额定条件。所有这些问题都会大大***降低预期寿命并增加维护成本。***有前景的风力涡轮机反馈控制方法包括线性参数变化概念、***优化的扰动抑制方法和模型预测控制。此外，切换系统***将在处理不同的目标、执行器数量和不同的***动态方面提供更大的灵活性。这里的工作将考虑这些方法的外推来处理过渡区域***控制和涡轮机的全包络运行。状态之间的转换可能会引起速度和扭矩的振荡，并且还会增加变桨致动器的磨损。智能选择***控制策略以避免非线性振荡将有利于实际实施。***找到峰值功率充满了困难。由于叶片磨损和损坏而导致的动态变化、***不确定的功率曲线数据以及涡轮机之间以及与环境之间的复杂相互作用***可能会导致最大功率提取参数的估计错误。采用本提案中描述的先进***反馈控制技术可以提高效率、最大***功率提取并延长涡轮机的使用寿命。