Full Envelope Wind Turbine Control Systems Design

全包络风力发电机控制系统设计

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04236
• 负责人: Pieper, Jeff
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=712821
• 关键词: Full; Envelope; Wind; Turbine; Control

Wind turbines are a means of providing clean, safe and abundant energy. There is limited environmental impact and the operating costs are low. On the other hand, initial capital costs for wind turbines are high. As such, long life and predictable operating patterns are desirable. This proposal aims to improve the life and predictability of operation of wind turbines through full envelope control. Wind turbines operate in two regimes: moderate wind speeds where the goal is to extract maximum power and higher wind speeds where power is regulated near capacity. In the transition between moderate and higher wind speeds the system should efficiently and safely move between regimes. Most large wind turbines are of a variable speed, variable pitch configuration where two actuations are used: field excitation of the generator stator, governing rotation as a braking force; and blade pitch, which affects the aerodynamic lift and drag and generated forces. For lower operating costs, pitching of the blades is avoided as much as possible as this involves mechanical components requiring lubrication and bearings with finite lifespans. Thus, at moderate wind speeds only field excitation is used, while in power regulation mode, both blade pitching and field excitation are employed. Transitioning from one regime to the other involves a change in the number of actuators, along with changes in control system goals and in dynamic characteristics. In the transition region, overspeeding of the turbine can result in exceeding rated conditions for bearings and torques and forces in the blades and tower structure. All of these issues can greatly reduce the life expectancy and increase maintenance costs. Promising methods for feedback control of wind turbines include linear parameter varying concepts, optimized disturbance rejection methods and model predictive control. Further, switched systems will allow more flexibility in dealing with varying objectives, number of actuators, and varying dynamics. Work here will consider the extrapolation of these methods to handle transition region control and full envelope operation of the turbine. Transition between regimes can induce oscillations in speed and torques and also increase wear on the pitch actuators. Intelligent choices of control strategy to avoid nonlinear oscillations would be of benefit to practical implementation. Finding peak power is fraught with difficulty. Varying dynamics due to blade wear and damage, uncertain power curve data, and complex interaction between turbines and with the environment can cause errors in estimating parameters for maximum power extraction. Employment of advanced feedback control techniques as described in this proposal can improve the efficiency, maximum power extraction and improve life of the turbine.

风力涡轮机是提供清洁、安全和丰富能源的一种手段。存在有限 环境影响和运行成本低。另一方面， 风力涡轮机很高。因此，期望长寿命和可预测的操作模式。这 该提案旨在通过充分利用风力涡轮机， 包络控制风力涡轮机在两种情况下运行：目标是 提取最大功率和更高的风速，其中功率被调节为接近容量。在 在中等风速和较高风速之间的过渡，系统应有效和安全地移动 政权之间。大多数大型风力涡轮机是变速、变桨配置 在使用两个驱动的情况下：发电机定子的励磁， 制动力;以及叶片桨距，其影响气动升力和阻力以及产生的力。 为了降低运行成本，尽可能避免叶片变桨，因为这涉及到 需要润滑的机械部件和寿命有限的轴承。因此，在适度 风速仅使用励磁，而在功率调节模式下，叶片变桨和 采用场激励。从一种制度过渡到另一种制度涉及到制度的变化。 致动器的数量，沿着控制系统目标和动态特性的变化。在 在过渡区，涡轮机超速可能导致超过额定条件， 叶片和塔架结构中的轴承、扭矩和力。所有这些问题都可以大大 减少预期寿命并增加维护成本。 用于风力涡轮机的反馈控制的有前途的方法包括线性参数变化概念， 优化干扰抑制方法和模型预测控制。此外，切换系统 将允许更灵活地处理不同的目标，执行器的数量，以及不同的 动力学这里的工作将考虑外推这些方法来处理过渡区 控制和涡轮机的全包络运行。制度之间的过渡可能导致 速度和扭矩的振荡，并且还增加了桨距致动器上的磨损。智能选择 避免非线性振荡的控制策略将有利于实际的实施。 找到峰值功率充满了困难。由于叶片磨损和损坏导致动力学变化， 不确定的功率曲线数据，以及涡轮机与环境之间的复杂相互作用 可能导致估计用于最大功率提取的参数的误差。先进的就业 如本建议中所述的反馈控制技术可以提高效率，最大限度地 功率提取和提高涡轮机的寿命。