Individual variation in behavior and reproduction: Influence of ecological, social, and physiological factors

行为和繁殖的个体差异：生态、社会和生理因素的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05349
• 负责人: Schoof, Valerie
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682458
• 关键词: Individual; variation; behavior; reproduction; Influence

I am interested in the ecological, social, and physiological factors that influence, and are influenced by, individual variation in behavior and reproduction. My developing research program focuses on the behavioural ecology and life-history of wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Vervets are characterized by a relatively rapid life history pace, sex-specific dominance hierarchies, and sexual dichromatism, with pronounced intermale variation in scrotal and penile coloration. The vervet study population at Lake Nabugabo in southwestern Uganda, lives in a humanized landscape that when combined with the vervets' semi-terrestrial nature, makes them relatively easy to observe. The Nabugabo vervet population offers a relatively unique opportunity to investigate how access to energy-rich human foods influences development and reproduction. The current study group (followed since 2011) will be supplemented by two additional neighboring groups that I began habituating in July 2015. Thus, over the next five years, I will build on my experience in the analysis of the socioendocrinology of male reproductive strategies and my existing collaborations to examine 1) the emergence, maintenance, and signaling of male dominance rank, and 2) the ecological influences on breeding seasonality and how these influence the timing of male life-history events. *** I use an individual approach to examine behavioural and physiological differences between individuals, but just as critically important is my use of a longitudinal approach, which allows me to examine intra-individual variation across different life-history stages. Males are expected to invest differentially in various behavioural and reproductive strategies based on internal (e.g., age, health, hormones) and external factors (e.g., number of fertile females, number and quality of male competitors). These factors likely influence the conditions under which a particular male invests in the attainment and maintenance of high dominance rank or instead opts for low-ranking subordinate status. Reproductive strategies likely change throughout an individual's lifetime, and are likely accompanied by different behavioural (including mating) tactics. While research shows that reproductive success is often skewed in favor of high-ranking individuals, this relationship is usually based on short-term studies focusing on males during their tenure as dominant individuals. In order to truly evaluate the costs and benefits of condition-dependent strategies, studies must focus on lifetime reproductive success. Only a research program that applies both individual and longitudinal approaches can accumulate these data.

我感兴趣的生态，社会和生理因素的影响，并受到影响，在行为和繁殖的个体差异。我正在发展的研究计划侧重于野生长尾猴（Chlorocebus pygerythrus）的行为生态学和生活史。长尾小蠹的特点是相对较快的生活史节奏，性别特异性的优势阶层，和性二色性，与阴囊和阴茎着色显着的雄性间的变化。在乌干达西南部的纳布加博湖，研究中的黑尾长尾雉种群生活在一个人性化的景观中，当与黑尾长尾雉的半陆地性质相结合时，使它们相对容易观察。Nabugabo vervet种群提供了一个相对独特的机会，可以调查获得富含能量的人类食物如何影响发育和生殖。目前的研究小组（自2011年以来）将由我在2015年7月开始习惯的另外两个相邻小组补充。因此，在接下来的五年里，我将建立在我的经验，在男性生殖策略的社会内分泌学分析和我现有的合作研究1）出现，维护，和男性主导地位的信号，和2）繁殖季节性的生态影响，以及这些如何影响男性生活史事件的时间。*** 我使用个体方法来研究个体之间的行为和生理差异，但同样重要的是我使用纵向方法，它使我能够研究不同生活史阶段的个体内差异。男性预计会根据内部因素（例如，年龄、健康、激素）和外部因素（例如，可生育雌性的数量、雄性竞争者的数量和质量）。这些因素很可能影响到特定雄性为获得和维持高统治地位或选择低级别从属地位而投资的条件。生殖策略可能在个体的一生中发生变化，并可能伴随着不同的行为（包括交配）策略。虽然研究表明，繁殖成功往往偏向于高级别的个体，但这种关系通常是基于短期研究，重点是男性在其作为主导个体的任期内。为了真正评估依赖条件的战略的成本和效益，研究必须集中在终身生殖成功。只有同时采用个体方法和纵向方法的研究计划才能积累这些数据。