Studies of energization of magnetospheric particles by substorm dipolarizations

这项拟议研究的目标是对亚暴事件期间产生的高能粒子(主要是电子和质子)的通量进行建模。卫星经常在地球静止轨道上观测到这些粒子的增强通量，这与亚暴偶极作用有关。这些粒子通常具有数百个芳纶的能量，并能够损坏卫星电子设备，给该行业造成重大经济损失。尽管进行了多年的积极研究，但关于通电过程的许多问题仍然没有得到回答。我们考虑了亚极化的两种情况：从偶极子到拉伸磁力线的向尾传播边缘和向地球传播的电磁脉冲。这两种情况都导致电子和质子尾群的显著能化，并且都有观测支持。第一种情况得到地面观测的很好支持，例如极光的光度计观测和电离层透射率的里程计观测，第二种情况得到卫星现场观测的支持。我们的模拟工作将有助于我们更好地理解带电粒子的带电过程，并量化它们在磁层和电离层中的影响。最终，我们希望能够量化空间和电离层中两种能源化情景的表现。这将使我们能够区分两者，并调和地面观测和卫星观测之间的明显分歧。

The goal of the proposed research is to model the fluxes of energetic particles (mostly electrons and protons) generated during substorm events. Enhanced fluxes of these particles are often observed by satellites at geostationary orbit in association with substorm dipolarizations. These particles often possess energies of hundreds of keVs and are capable of damaging satellite electronics resulting in significant economic losses for the industry. Despite many years of active research many questions regarding the energization process remain unanswered. We consider two scenarios of substrom dipolarizations: the tailward propagating edge of the transition from dipole to stretched magnetic field lines and earthward propagating electromagnetic pulse. Both scenarios lead to significant energization of the tail populations of electrons and protons and both have observational support. The first scenario is well supported by the ground-based observations, such as photometer observations of auroras and riometer observations of the ionospheric transmissivity, the second by in-situ satellite observations. Our modeling efforts will help to improve our understanding of the energization process of the charged particles and quantify their effects in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Ultimately, we hope to be able to quantify the manifestations of the two energization scenarios both in space and in the ionosphere. This will allow us to distinguish the two and to reconcile the apparent disagreement between the ground-based and satellite observations.