The interplay between aquatic optics, phytoplankton photophysiology and ecology

这项研究的第一个目标是了解光如何与海洋中的粒子相互作用，从而产生卫星观测到的光。这种光的颜色反过来告诉我们海洋和湖泊的成分。一个特别重要的过程，即反向散射，是粒子将入射到其上的光向后返回到光源。在这里，我们感兴趣的是来自太阳并向天空发射的光。该提案旨在更精确地了解哪些粒子负责海洋中的大部分后向散射，特别是浮游植物如何在一天中改变其后向散射的效率。然后，我们希望利用卫星测量到的光的信息来了解海洋中的粒子。此外，当阳光照射在海洋中的浮游植物上时，这种光的一部分被重新发射为红光，即叶绿素的荧光，并且可以通过卫星进行测量。由于浮游植物发出这种光的效率取决于它们的健康状况，因此使用卫星测量光可以提供有关整个海洋浮游植物健康状况的信息。在这项提案中，我们还专门针对了解如何使用每天多次测量这种荧光的卫星来推断浮游植物的健康状况。该提案的第二个目标是了解湖泊如何受到人类的影响。为此，我们使用了NSERC加拿大湖泊脉冲网络在650多个湖泊中收集的大型数据集，并将浮游植物中存在的物种与人类对湖泊的影响联系起来，以研究湖泊的这一关键组成部分正在发生变化。此外，我们使用情景来研究湖泊在未来如何随着气候变化而变化。

The first objective of the research proposed is to understand how light interacts with particles in the ocean to lead to the light observed by satellites. The colour of this light in turn tells us about the constituents of the ocean and lakes. A particularly important process, backscattering, is when particles return light that is incident on them backwards toward the light source. Here we are interested at the light coming from the Sun and emitted back towards the sky. This proposal aims specifically at understanding more precisely which particles are responsible for the majority of this backscattering in the ocean and specifically how phytoplankton change their efficiency at backscattering throughout the day. We hope to then use the information from that light as it is measured by satellites to learn about the particles in the ocean. In addition, When sunlight impinges on phytoplankton in the ocean, a part of this light is reemitted as red light, the fluorescence of chlorophyll, and can be measured by satellites. Because the efficiency with which phytoplankton emit this light depends on their health, measuring the light using satellite could provide information about the health of phytoplankton across the whole ocean. In this proposal we also aims specifically at understanding how we can use satellite that measure many time a day this fluorescence to infer the health of the phytoplankton. The second objective of this proposal is to understand how lakes are affected by humans. To do this we use a large dataset that has been collected in the NSERC Canadian Lake Pulse Network in more than 650 lakes and relate the species present in the phytoplankton to the human impacts on the lakes to examine this key component of lakes is changing. In addition we use scenarios to examine how lakes may change in the future with climate change.**