Carbon Fluxes and Ocean Acidification in Canadian Shelf Seas bordering the North Atlantic Ocean

人为的二氧化碳排放增加了大气和海洋中的二氧化碳浓度，通过改变辐射平衡和海洋pH值，对地球气候和海洋生物群造成有害影响。海洋占据了排放到大气中的化石燃料二氧化碳的30%-50%，从而极大地减少了其温室效应--代价是海洋酸化。海洋酸化对生态系统和海洋生物资源，特别是钙化生物、渔业或水产养殖等服务及其维持的数百万美元产业和社区具有潜在的不利影响。我建议调查加拿大海洋生物资源和相关产业对海洋酸化的脆弱性，使用*沿加拿大海岸线分布的选定沿海海洋站点进行案例研究。我将直接并通过让利益相关者参与，从季节到十年(世纪)的时间尺度调查海洋可再生能源对当地经济的威胁，以便做出明智的决定，以促进对海洋生物资源的长期、可持续的经济利用，以供工业规模的水产养殖或捕捞业使用。*基于与最终用户和决策者的协商以及他们对可再生能源对他们的生计以及依赖生产和捕捞海洋资源的部门和社区的潜在影响的担忧，将解决两个主要研究问题：*1.pH值及其控制因素的自然变异性是什么，这种可变性是否掩盖或放大了酸度上升的长期趋势？*2.当前开放式获取监测活动的结果是否反映了开放式获取存在于发生贝类生产和捕捞的地点？*基于改进的生物地理化学理解，即大规模开放式获取是否以及何时将影响海洋生物资源和相关经济的捕捞和生产，拟议的方案将提供关于这些自然资源未来可持续利用的基本见解，以及开放式获取对加拿大海岸线社区的潜在风险。拟议的计划将直接支持一名博士后研究员，也就是我的其他项目支持的研究生，并提供服务于由合作同事监督的HQP。HQP培训将反映这样的原则，即通过有关自然科学和社会科学研究的广泛互动，加强专门知识和专业准备。HQP还将受益于与当地社区和最终用户的密切合作，这将塑造HQP的论文工作并提供就业机会。

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions have increased CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and ocean, causing deleterious effects on Earth's climate and on marine biota by altering the radiation balance and ocean pH. The oceans take up 30-50% of the fossil fuel CO2 emitted to the atmosphere, thus dramatically reducing its greenhouse effects - at the expense of acidifying the oceans. Ocean acidification (OA) has potentially adverse effects for ecosystems and living marine resources, particularly calcifying organisms, services such as fisheries or aquaculture, and the related multimillion dollar industries and communities they sustain. I propose to investigate the vulnerability of living marine resources and related industries to ocean acidification (OA) in Canada, using***selected coastal marine sites distributed along Canada's coastline for case studies. I will investigate the threats of OA, directly and by engaging stakeholders, to local economies from seasonal to decadal (century) time scales in order to allow for informed decisions that facilitate long-term, sustainable economic use of living marine resources by subsistence to industrial-scale aquaculture or harvesting industries.***Based on consultations with end-users and policymakers and their concerns about the potential OA impacts on their livelihoods, as well as sectors and communities dependent on producing and harvesting living marine resources, two major research questions will be addressed:***1. What is the natural variability of pH and its controlling factors, and does this variability mask or amplify the long-term secular trend of rising acidity?***2. Do findings that result from current OA monitoring activities reflect OA conditions that exist in locations where shellfish production and harvesting occur?******Based on improved biogeochemcial understanding on whether and at which time-scale OA will impact harvesting and production of marine living resources and related economies, the proposed program will provide essential insights regarding future sustainable use of these natural resources and the potential risks posed by OA to communities along Canada's coastlines. The proposed program will directly support a postdoctoral fellow, graduate students supported from my other projects, and offers to serve HQP supervised by collaborating colleagues. HQP training will reflect the principle that expertise and professional preparation is strengthened through interaction across the breadth of the relevant natural and social science research. HQP will also benefit from close collaboration with local communities and end-users, which will both shape HQP's thesis work and provide exposure to employment opportunities.***********