Functional role of arm motion on gait stability and balance recovery.

* 我的研究计划的目标是确定运动模式和潜在的神经肌肉控制机制参与人类运动，并确定运动系统如何调节稳定性。同一水平的滑倒、绊倒和福尔斯占工作场所发生的总体福尔斯的65%，人工负载处理被认为是一个主要的风险因素。手臂运动在步态稳定性中起着重要作用，因为它调节全身动量。考虑到大多数步态分析和建模研究往往忽略手臂摆动，它对步态稳定性的影响必须进一步研究。* 有意增加手臂运动已被证明可以提高步态稳定性，因为它可以减少站立腿臀部周围的校正扭矩。然而，目前尚不清楚剧烈的手臂活动是否也有助于步态稳定性，并在从小扰动（如不对称步态）中恢复时加速步态适应。仿真结果表明，在类旅行扰动过程中，手臂运动在扰动的第一阶段对步态稳定性有不利影响，而在恢复阶段是有益的。事实上，在稳定状态下行走，限制手臂运动可以增加躯干惯性，从而提高其对扰动的抵抗力。研究还表明，独特的肌肉激活模式可以提高稳定性。然而，这两个假设都没有得到验证，因此，手臂运动对肌肉模式适应和步态稳定性的影响仍然只是部分了解。在恢复阶段的一个类似旅行的扰动，手臂运动推迟角动量转移到躯干的横向平面，这导致在一个更大的躯干旋转的一侧的非绊倒腿，并增加了长度的恢复步骤。然而，手臂运动对腿部和躯干肌肉激活模式的影响，以及它们如何在从大扰动中恢复时对步态稳定性做出贡献，需要进一步解释，在不对称步态中更是如此。* 我的研究计划将系统地确定手臂运动对全身角动量的影响，步态稳定性和特定环境条件下的肌肉激活模式适应。具体来说，它将：确定手臂运动对肌肉模式适应和步态稳定性的影响1。在小扰动期间和之后。2.在稳态行走中的旅行样扰动期间和之后，以及3。在不对称步态中。*这项工作是至关重要的全面的生物力学模型的发展，以减少福尔斯在工作场所的发生，并在提供洞察力的安全建议，人工处理的负载，工人在不熟悉的，不稳定的环境中航行。它也对运动训练项目的外骨骼概念产生了重大影响。**

***The objectives of my research program are to determine the kinematic patterns and underlying neuromuscular control mechanisms involved in human locomotion and to identify how the locomotor system regulates stability. Same-level slips, trips and falls account for 65% of the overall falls occurring in the workplace and manual load handling is recognized as a major risk factor. Arm motion plays an important role in gait stability, as it regulates the whole-body momentum. Considering that most gait analyses and modeling studies tend to ignore arm swing, its impact on gait stability must be further investigated. *** Intentionally increasing arm movement has been shown to improve gait stability, as it could decrease the corrective torques around the hip of the stance leg. However, it is unknown whether vigorous arm activity could also contribute to gait stability and hasten gait adaptations during and when recovering from small perturbations such as asymmetric gait.*** During a trip-like perturbation, simulation showed that the arm motion could have a detrimental effect on gait stability in the first phase of the perturbation, while being beneficial to the recovery phase. Indeed during steady-state walking, restricting arm motion could increase trunk inertia and therefore improve its resistance to perturbations. It was also suggested that distinctive muscle activation patterns could enhance stability. However, neither hypothesis was verified and therefore, the effect of arm motion on muscle pattern adaptations and gait stability remains only partially understood.*** During the recovery phase of a trip-like perturbation, arm motion postpones the transfer of angular momentum to the trunk in the transverse plane, which results in a larger trunk rotation on the side of the non-tripped leg and increases the length of the recovery step. However, the impact of arm motion on muscle activation patterns in the leg and torso and how they contribute to gait stability when recovering from a large perturbation needs to be further explained and even more so during asymmetric gait. ***My research program will systematically determine the effect of arm motion on whole-body angular momentum, gait stability and muscular activation pattern adaptations under specific environmental conditions. Specifically, it will: Determine the effect of arm movement on muscle pattern adaptations and gait stability 1. During and after small perturbations. 2. During and after a trip-like perturbation in steady-state walking, and 3. During asymmetric gait.***This work is critical to the development of comprehensive biomechanical models to reduce the occurrence of falls in the workplace and in providing insight for safety recommendations regarding manual handling of loads for workers navigating in unfamiliar, and precarious surroundings. It also has major impacts in the conception of exoskeletons for motor training programs.**