Spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric composition and evolution for an improved understanding of air quality and climate change

大气成分和演化的光谱测量，以更好地了解空气质量和气候变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-03888
• 负责人: Wiacek, Aldona
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Saint Mary's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=683254
• 关键词: Spectroscopic; measurements; atmospheric; composition; evolution

Air quality and climate change are pressing health and environmental issues with growing economic consequences. Both provincial and federal governments have enacted legislation to 1) limit the concentration of human-emitted atmospheric trace gases that affect air quality and 2) reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. The problems of air quality and climate change are connected by 1) common emission sources of trace gases in energy production, transportation, heating and cooking combustion, agriculture and industry, 2) the fact that many gases involved in photochemical smog production, such as volatile organic compounds and ozone, are powerful greenhouse gases themselves, 3) changing chemical reaction rates for smog production due to a changing climate, and 4) changing meteorological conditions affecting the dispersion, transport and washout of air pollution due to a changing climate. This complexity requires the ongoing and expanded acquisition of high-quality data sets of atmospheric composition in order to test and improve the understanding of atmospheric chemical and dynamical processes implemented in forecasting models of air quality, weather and climate.**My newly established research program meets this need while addressing one of four strategic research areas of the Government of Canada ("Environmental Science and Technologies") as well as three programs ("Weather and Environmental Services", "Climate Change and Clean Air", "Compliance Promotion and Enforcement - Pollution") satisfying two strategic outcomes of Environment Canada (Informed decisions on changing weather and climate, Minimizing threats from pollution). It will significantly expand the Halifax and Atlantic Canada measurement capability of atmospheric trace gases relevant to air quality and climate change through the establishment of the Tropospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory at Saint Mary's University. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques the following long-term research goals will be met:**1. Characterizing and understanding atmospheric processes, composition, variation, and long-term change;*2. Assessing the effectiveness of air quality policies and regulations in the context of long-range (trans-boundary) pollution transport and climate change;*3. Assessing the effectiveness of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the context of a changing economy;*4. Challenging air quality models and satellite observations with precise, accurate, temporally dense and spatially diverse observations of near-surface trace gas concentrations and emissions.**In the short-term, continuous and high temporal resolution measurements of a broad suite of volatile organic compounds, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and other trace gases relevant to air quality and the greenhouse effect will be made, characterizing stationary and mobile individual sources (ship plumes, stacks), line emission sources (roads) and diffuse sources (crop fields, fuel wood combustion). These data will be correlated with the Air Quality Health Index public advisory tool as well as information available on morbidity (disease) and mortality rates attributed to poor air quality episodes. The aim of the comparison is to improve the Index, which best serves our most vulnerable populations of children, seniors and the ill. Finally, data gathered will also be used to inform local and regional regulations, such as Air Quality Regulations and Greenhouse Gas Regulations in the Nova Scotia Environment Act. This will help ensure that Canadian governments are enacting reductions in atmospheric pollutants that lead to the greatest health benefits with the smallest economic impacts possible under the circumstances.

空气质量和气候变化是紧迫的健康和环境问题，其经济后果日益严重。 省和联邦政府都颁布了立法，以1）限制人类排放的影响空气质量的大气痕量气体的浓度，2）减少导致气候变化的温室气体的排放。 空气质量和气候变化的问题是由以下因素联系在一起的：1）能源生产、运输、加热和烹饪燃烧、农业和工业中痕量气体的共同排放源，2）光化学烟雾产生中涉及的许多气体，例如挥发性有机化合物和臭氧，本身就是强大的温室气体，3）由于气候变化而改变烟雾产生的化学反应速率，（四）气候变化影响空气污染物的扩散、输送和冲刷。 这种复杂性要求不断扩大获取高质量的大气成分数据集，以测试和提高对空气质量、天气和气候预测模型中实施的大气化学和动力过程的理解。我新设立的研究计划满足了这一需求，同时解决了加拿大政府的四个战略研究领域之一（“环境科学与技术”）以及三个项目（“天气和环境服务”、“气候变化和清洁空气”、“合规促进和执行-污染”）满足加拿大环境部的两项战略成果（关于天气和气候变化的知情决策，最大限度地减少污染威胁）。 该项目将通过在圣玛丽大学建立对流层遥感实验室，大大扩大哈利法克斯和加拿大大西洋地区对与空气质量和气候变化有关的大气痕量气体的测量能力。 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术，将实现以下长期研究目标：**1。描述和理解大气过程，组成，变化和长期变化;*2。评估空气质量政策和法规在远距离（跨界）污染传输和气候变化背景下的有效性;*3.在经济变化的背景下评估温室气体减排目标的有效性;*4.将空气质量模型和卫星观测数据与近地面痕量气体浓度和排放的精确、准确、时间密集和空间多样的观测数据相结合。在短期内，将对一系列与空气质量和温室效应有关的挥发性有机化合物、臭氧、氮氧化物、硫氧化物、一氧化碳和其他痕量气体进行连续和高时间分辨率的测量，以确定固定和移动的单个来源（船舶羽流、烟囱）、线状排放源（道路）和扩散源（农田、薪材燃烧）的特征。 这些数据将与空气质量健康指数公共咨询工具以及关于因空气质量差事件造成的发病率（疾病）和死亡率的现有信息相关联。 比较的目的是改进指数，使其最好地服务于我们最脆弱的儿童、老年人和病人。 最后，收集的数据还将用于为地方和区域法规提供信息，例如《新斯科舍省环境法》中的《空气质量条例》和《温室气体条例》。 这将有助于确保加拿大政府颁布减少大气污染物的法律，从而在这种情况下以最小的经济影响带来最大的健康效益。