Spectroscopy of laser-induced plasmas: an interdisciplinary research program for the 21st Century

21世纪医学的特点是越来越频繁地使用高科技来减少对疾病、病理或创伤做出准确诊断以及治疗医疗条件所需的时间。例如，能够进行高分辨率成像的速度更快的MRI和CT机器，以及基于光纤的内窥镜激光血管成形术，用于心脏病发作期间快速明显阻塞的动脉。特别是，激光和其他基于光的(光学)技术的使用极大地促进了这些测试和程序的简单和快速。使用脉冲激光系统治疗胎记或黑色素瘤等皮肤病，以及在牙科检查期间使用明亮的蓝灯快速筛查口腔癌，都是光学技术创新使用的很好的例子。*在我们的研究计划中，我们试图了解基于光的激光系统如何能够快速识别致病细菌。这些细菌可以从临床标本(血液或尿液)中获得，以立即和肯定地识别导致感染的感染源。目前还不存在这样的测试，因此病人经常被错误地开出广谱抗生素的处方，这导致了抗生素抗药性或多重抗药性细菌的进化。此外，这种误诊通常会导致更长时间和更昂贵的医疗干预，往往会导致更糟糕的结果。或者，同样的基于激光的技术也可以用于表面，以确定它们是否得到了适当的清洁/消毒；它可能被用于食品样本，以筛选最常见的食源性病原体，这些病原体每年导致全球数百万人患病，甚至可能是致命的。*即使没有受到食物中毒或误诊/虐待感染的直接影响，所有加拿大人都以不断增加的国家医疗费用的形式背负着这种负担。有趣的是，完全相同的激光技术可能被用来通过快速而无痛地分析指甲来筛查大量人群的营养不良。我们一直在探索快速识别膳食缺锌的能力，这实际上是世界各地幼儿死亡的主要原因，特别是在发展中国家。*我们的研究计划试图将物理学、光学、细胞生物学和工程学的专业知识结合起来，最终开发出加拿大的商业解决方案，以解决这些全球健康问题。

21st Century medicine has been characterized by the increasingly frequent use of high-technology to decrease the time it takes to make accurate diagnoses of disease, pathology, or trauma and to treat medical conditions. Examples include faster MRI and CT machines capable of high-resolution imaging and fiber-optic based endoscopic laser angioplasty for rapidly clearly blocked arteries during heart attacks. In particular, the use of lasers and other light-based (optical) techniques has greatly contributed to the simplicity and speed of these tests and procedures. The use of pulsed laser systems to treat dermatological conditions like birthmarks or melanoma and the use of bright blue lamps during dental checkups to quickly screen for oral cancers are great examples of the innovative use of optical technology.****In our program of study, we are attempting to understand how light-based laser systems can be used to rapidly identify pathogenic bacteria. These bacteria could be obtained from a clinical specimen (of blood or urine) to immediately and positively identify the infectious agent responsible for an infection. Such a test does not currently exist, and as a result sick people are frequently treated incorrectly by being prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics, which has led to the evolution of antibiotic- or multiply-drug resistant bacteria. Also, such misdiagnoses usually lead to longer and more expensive medical interventions, often with worse outcomes. Alternately the same laser-based technology could be used on surfaces, to determine if they have been properly cleaned/sterilized; it could potentially be used on samples of food to screen for the most common food-borne pathogens which make millions of people world wide sick every year and can even be fatal.****Even if not directly impacted by food-poisoning or misdiagnosed/mistreated infections, all Canadians carry this burden in the form of ever-increasing national medical costs. Interestingly, the exact same laser-technology could potentially be utilized to screen large populations of people for nutritional deficiencies by quickly and painlessly analyzing the fingernail. We have been exploring the ability to rapidly identify dietary zinc deficiency, which actually is a leading cause of death among toddlers worldwide, particularly in the developing world.****Our research program is attempting to bring together the expertise in physics, optics, cellular biology, and engineering to eventually develop a commercial Canadian solution to these global health issues.******