Hybrid switch-mode power supplies with low energy storage requirements

开关模式电源(SMPS)现在几乎在所有设备中都有，它通过通常不是很好调节的电源向电力负载提供调节良好的电压或电流。负载范围从消耗几分之一瓦的医疗植入物和传感器，到消耗数百千瓦的工业系统。典型的开关电源由一个开关式功率转换器(功率级)和一个互补控制器组成。*本研究侧重于低功率(LP)高频(HF)开关电源，处理功率从几分之一瓦到几百瓦，工作频率从数百kHz到数十MHz。感兴趣的应用包括微型设备、计算机、消费电子产品、汽车以及许多其他空间和重量受限的系统。这项研究将提供解决方案，以解决目前对低压开关电源施加的相互冲突的要求，要求它们的尺寸减小和功率处理能力增加相结合。*在目标应用中，开关电源，特别是其无源元件(电感和电容器)，对所供应系统的总体尺寸和成本有很大贡献。因此，它们是进一步小型化和引入新功能(功能块)的主要障碍。由于数据处理能力的提高和对电池供电设备更快充电的需求，SMP也很难在不对尺寸和/或功率处理效率造成重大损失的情况下，跟上现代电子负载日益增长的功率需求。*最近低压高频开关电源从模拟控制向数字控制的转变为在低压应用中引入混合变流器拓扑创造了机会。事实证明，与传统解决方案相比，这些拓扑需要更复杂的控制，不仅体积小得多，而且能效更高。尽管如此，这些混合动力系统的无源部件，即储能部件，尺寸很大，留下了很大的改进空间。*这项研究的最终目标是创造新一代混合开关电源，称为低储能混合开关电源，与最近出现的解决方案相比，它将具有更小的尺寸和更高的功率处理效率。新的解决方案将潜在地允许开关电源与电子负载(共封装或完全片上集成)的无缝集成，最大限度地减少系统总体尺寸和功耗，同时提高电源的动态性能。*此外，低存储能量混合开关电源将具有新颖的功能，如固有的电流限制和即插即用操作，允许针对更高功率处理应用的各种模块化架构的简单设计。*这项研究将建立在之前NSERC资助的知识基础上，并将涵盖新的转换器拓扑和控制器的开发。此外，还将开发优化技术，为比较不同的解决方案提供省时的工具。

Switch mode power supplies (SMPS) are in virtually all devices toady, providing well-regulated voltage or current to electric loads from, usually, not well-regulated source. The loads range from medical implants and sensors, consuming a fraction of watt, to industrial systems taking hundreds of kilowatts. A typical SMPS consists of a switch-mode power converter (power stage) and a complementary controller.***This research focuses on low-power (LP) high-frequency (HF) SMPS, processing power from a fraction of watt to few hundreds of watts and operating at frequencies from hundreds of kHZ to tens of MHz. The applications of interest include miniature devices, computers, consumer electronics, automotive, as well as, numerous other space and weight constrained systems. The research will provide solutions for conflicting requirements imposed on current LP SMPS, demanding their size reduction combined with increased power processing capability. ***In the targeted applications, SMPS, especially their passive components (inductors and capacitors), are a large contributor to the overall size and cost of the supplied systems. As such, they are a main obstacle to further miniaturization and to introduction of new features (functional blocks). The SMPS also have difficulties to, without paying a large penalty in the size and/or power processing efficiency, keep up with increasing power requirements of modern electronic loads, caused by increased data processing abilities and demands for faster charging of battery-powered devices. ***Recent transition from analog to digital control of LP HF SMPS have created an opportunity for introduction of hybrid converter topologies in LP applications. Those topologies, requiring more complex control than the traditional solutions, have proven to be both significantly smaller and more power efficient. Still, the passive, i.e. energy storing, components of these hybrid systems are of substantial size, leaving a lot of space for improvements. ***The ultimate goal of this research is to create new generations of hybrid SMPS, named low stored energy hybrid SMPS, that compared to the recently emerged solutions will have even smaller size and better power processing efficiency. The new solutions will potentially allow seamless integration of the SMPS with electronic loads (co-packaging or full on chip integration) minimizing the overall system size, its power consumption, while improving dynamic performance of the supplies. ***Also, the low stored energy hybrid SMPS will have novel features, such as inherent current limitation and plug and play operation, allowing for simple design of various modular architectures, for higher power processing applications. ***The research will build on the knowledge crated through previous NSERC grants and will be covering development of both new converter topologies and controllers. Also, optimization techniques providing time-efficient tools for comparing different solutions will be developed.