Protein and non-protein methionine requirements for first parity gestating and lactating sows

加拿大猪肉产业为人类健康提供了高质量的蛋白质和其他营养素，每年为加拿大经济贡献超过90亿美元，为国际贸易平衡贡献超过30亿美元。为了保持猪肉行业的全球竞争力，需要解决饲料成本和营养流失到环境中的问题。繁殖母猪的精确喂养正受到关注，因为它有可能提高营养利用效率，降低饲料成本和猪肉生产的环境足迹，并优化妊娠和哺乳期后代的营养供应，特别是加拿大养猪业正在从妊娠栏转向群体饲养系统。此外，精确满足繁殖母猪的营养需求对于提高母猪寿命、母猪生产力和仔猪质量至关重要-但是，为了实现这些效益，我们必须首先准确估计营养需求。妊娠期和哺乳期母猪将接受不同量的日粮蛋氨酸，以最大化[1]妊娠期和[2]哺乳期母猪的全身蛋白质保留，以及出生时、断奶时和乳汁中仔猪组织中蛋氨酸依赖性"非蛋白质“化合物、肌酸和磷脂酰胆碱的丰度，和[3]制定饮食蛋氨酸的建议，以满足母猪在生殖周期的各个阶段对蛋白质和“非蛋白质”的需求;将推荐使蛋白质保留和“非蛋白质”化合物在仔猪组织和奶中的保留最大化的饮食蛋氨酸的量作为新的蛋氨酸需求。该研究计划还将有助于培养2名硕士和2名本科生，他们将进入养猪业或继续在学术界担任研究人员。通过定量和精确地满足繁殖母猪对蛋白质和“非蛋白质”蛋氨酸的需求，我们可以提高仔猪的存活率、代谢和生长性能，以及母猪的寿命和繁殖成功率;仅在安大略，通过适度的0.1头断奶猪（30美元/头猪;价值-饲料成本）提高母猪年产量就相当于每年75万美元。

The Canadian pork industry provides a source of high quality protein and other nutrients for human health, while contributing annually more than $9B to the Canadian economy and more than $3B to the international trade balance. For the pork industry to remain globally competitive, feed costs and nutrient losses into the environment need to be addressed. Precision feeding of reproductive sows is receiving attention because of its potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency, to reduce feed costs and the environmental footprint of pork production, and to optimize the supply of nutrients to the offspring during gestation and lactation, particularly as the Canadian swine industry is moving away from gestation stalls in favour of group-housing systems. Moreover, precisely meeting the nutrient requirements of reproductive sows is essential to improve sow longevity, sow productivity, and piglet quality - but, we must first accurately estimate nutrient requirements in order to achieve these benefits. Gestating and lactating sows will receive various amounts of dietary methionine to maximize whole-body protein retention for [1] gestating and [2] lactating sows and the abundance of methionine-dependent, 'non-protein' compounds, creatine and phosphatidylcholine, in piglet tissues at birth, at weaning, and in milk, and [3] develop recommendations for dietary methionine to meet both protein and 'non-protein' needs for the sow at various stages of the reproductive cycle; the amount of dietary methionine that maximizes protein retention and the retention of 'non-protein' compounds in piglet tissues and milk will be recommended as the new methionine requirement. This research program will also contribute to the training of 2 MSc and 2 undergraduate students, who will enter the swine industry or continue in academia as researchers. By quantifying and precisely meeting both the protein and 'non-protein' methionine needs for reproductive sows, we could improve piglet survivability, metabolism, and growth performance, as well as the longevity and reproductive success of sows; improving sow annual production by a modest 0.1 pig weaned ($30/pig; value - feed cost) represents $750,000 per year for Ontario alone.