Dynamic Games: Theory, Algorithms and Applications

动态博弈：理论、算法和应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04975
• 负责人: Zaccour, Georges
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: HEC Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=689915
• 关键词: Dynamic; Games; Theory; Algorithms; Applications

The objective of this research program is to develop mathematical models and efficient algorithms to solve practical problems and supply plausible recommendations in three areas: supply chains, markets with counterfeiters and environmental management. These problems share two important features that make each of them a dynamic game, namely, they involve few economic agents (firms or countries) having interdependent payoffs, and are inherently dynamic, i.e., the agents compete or cooperate repeatedly over time.****(i) Supply chains. It is well-known that a lack of coordination between the different layers of a supply chain leads to inefficiencies, i.e., lower profits for players (manufacturers and retailers), and lower benefits for consumers. A first project deals with the design of mechanisms to eliminate these inefficiencies. A second project looks at incentives to increase (re)manufacturing with used parts, which is a cost-reducing strategy and an environmentally wise one.****(ii) Counterfeiting. The International Chamber of Commerce estimates that $1.7 trillion in counterfeit goods will have been sold in 2015. This practice is also costing huge amounts in taxes and millions of jobs. Despite counterfeiting being widespread, not much research has looked at the strategic interactions over time between legal and illegal producers of goods and services. This project aims at filling the gap and improving our ability to design suitable deterrent strategies.****(iii) Environmental management. Despite the alarming statements made daily by scientists and policy makers regarding the urgency of dealing with global environmental issues, there is still no international environmental agreement (IEA) on controlling emissions and on allocating the burden among countries. This research aims at contributing to the design of IEAs, including (1) the formation of an IEA between structurally different countries; (2) the elaboration of incentive strategies to control emissions; and (3) the determination of cooperative solutions using large-scale economic-environment models.*******The contribution of this research program is twofold. At the conceptual level, devising tools aimed at eliminating the inefficiencies in supply chains is of clear value to business, and to scholars with an interest in mechanism design. Similarly, understanding strategic and dynamic competition between legal producers and counterfeiters will help governments and other parties in designing suitable policies (pricing, advertising, etc.) to abate the impact of counterfeiting. Finally, understanding how an IEA can be built and sustained is a key concern for academic researchers, policy makers and society in general. At the algorithmic level, the developments will be useful to researchers working in the areas addressed by the proposal as well as researchers working in other areas, on problems with similar mathematical structures.*********

该研究计划的目标是开发数学模型和有效的算法来解决实际问题，并在三个领域提供合理的建议：供应链，市场与假冒伪劣产品和环境管理。 这些问题有两个共同的重要特征，使它们每个都是动态博弈，即，它们涉及很少的经济主体（公司或国家），具有相互依赖的收益，并且本质上是动态的，即，随着时间的推移，代理人会反复竞争或合作。(i)供应链。众所周知，供应链的不同层之间缺乏协调会导致效率低下，即，参与者（制造商和零售商）的利润降低，消费者的利益降低。第一个项目涉及设计消除这些低效率的机制。第二个项目着眼于鼓励增加使用旧零件的（再）制造，这是一种降低成本的战略，也是一种环保战略。(ii)伪造。国际商会估计，2015年销售的假冒商品将达到1.7万亿美元。这种做法也造成了巨额税收和数百万个工作岗位的损失。尽管假冒行为很普遍，但没有多少研究关注法律的和非法的商品和服务生产者之间随着时间的推移的战略互动。该项目旨在填补差距，提高我们设计适当威慑战略的能力。(iii)环境管理。尽管科学家和决策者每天都就处理全球环境问题的紧迫性发表令人震惊的声明，但仍然没有关于控制排放和在各国之间分配负担的国际环境协定。本研究旨在为国际环境协定的设计做出贡献，包括（1）在结构不同的国家之间形成国际环境协定;（2）制定控制排放的激励战略;（3）利用大规模经济环境模型确定合作解决方案。这项研究计划的贡献是双重的。在概念层面上，设计旨在消除供应链效率低下的工具对企业和对机制设计感兴趣的学者具有明显的价值。同样，了解法律的生产商和造假者之间的战略和动态竞争将有助于政府和其他各方制定适当的政策（定价、广告等）。以减轻伪造的影响。最后，了解如何建立和维持国际能源机构是学术研究人员、政策制定者和整个社会的一个关键问题。在算法层面上，这些发展将对在该提案所涉及的领域工作的研究人员以及在其他领域工作的研究人员有用，研究具有类似数学结构的问题。