The HetHetNets Framework for 5G+ Wireless Networks: Highly Heterogeneous Traffic, Unprecedented Congestion, and Novel Solutions

自2010年前后4G LTE标准制定以来，学术界和产业界一直在集思广想，预测2020年前后的用例和场景，确定相应的技术需求，开发面向下一代（5G）无线标准化的使能技术、协议和网络架构。******随着5G标准化阶段的临近，这一探索阶段正在逐渐结束。预计第一波5G标准将在2017- 2018年期间制定，在2019-2020年期间由国际电联批准，并在2020年代初投入运营。因此，现在是时候重新启动类似的头脑风暴，朝着超越5g的无线网络努力；我们将这类网络称为5G+，是为了包括2020年代5G标准的演进，并为2030年的发展奠定基础。******提出的研究计划是针对5G+无线网络供需不匹配的根本问题。这一问题在不同的语境和学科背景下具有不同的意义。在无线环境中，供应是接入网可以提供的潜在速率，需求是用户和设备产生的流量。******如果空间和时间上的总需求小于总潜在供给，就会出现明显的短缺。在这种情况下，除了减少需求或增加供给，或两者兼而有之之外，几乎没有什么可做的。当网络出现短缺（拥塞）时，尽管总潜在供给（在空间和时间上）超过了总需求（在空间和时间上）。当存在不匹配时，这种情况就会显现出来；也就是说，当有供给的地方没有需求的时候。为了分析错配问题的严重程度，应检查供应品是否能够有效地储存（在时间上）或运输/转移（在空间上）。如果对这些问题的回答是肯定的，那么不匹配问题就很容易得到缓解。另一方面，否定的回答表明问题很棘手。在无线网络中，由于一般情况下，供应既不能储存也不能运输，因此供需不匹配构成了一个非常关键和严重的情况。***在非常广泛的5G+范例中，拟议研究计划的目标有两个方面：***主题一：开发模型以捕获未来高度异构的流量场景。***主题二：开发新颖且可能具有颠覆性的解决方案，以减轻由此导致的HetHetNets中前所未有的拥堵场景的影响。****拟议的研究计划将通过创建必要的知识库和培训高素质人才，有助于加拿大保持其在全球信息通信技术领域的重要和有能力的参与者地位。**

Since the development of 4G LTE standards around 2010, the research communities both in academia and industry have been brainstorming to predict the use cases and scenarios around 2020, to determine the corresponding technical requirements, and to develop the enabling technologies, protocols, and network architectures towards the next-generation (5G) wireless standardization.******This exploratory phase is winding down as the 5G standardization phase approaches. The first wave of 5G standards are expected to be developed during the 2017-18 timeframe, to be approved by ITU during the 2019-2020 timeframe, and to become operational in the early 2020s. As such, it is time to reinitiate a similar brainstorming endeavour towards the beyond-5G wireless networks; we refer to such networks as 5G+ in order to include the evolution of the 5G standards in 2020s and to perform the groundwork for those to be developed towards 2030.******The proposed research program is geared towards the fundamental problem of the supply-demand mismatch in 5G+ wireless networks. This problem has different significance based on the context and discipline. In the wireless context, the supply is the potential rate that the access network can provide and the demand is the traffic generated by the users and devices. ******If the total demand in space and time is less than the total potential supply, this results in an obvious shortage. In this case, there is little that can be done, except for either reducing the demand or increasing the supply, or both. A more interesting and relevant case occurs when the network experiences shortage (congestion) despite the total potential supply (in space and time) exceeds the total demand (in space and time). This situation manifests itself when there is a mismatch; i.e., when the demand does not arise where the supply is. In order to analyze the severity of the mismatch problem, it should be checked whether the supply can be storable (in time) or transportable/transferable (in space) in an efficient manner. If the answer is yes to these questions, then the mismatch problem can easily be alleviated. On the other hand, a negative answer signals a difficult problem. In wireless networks, the supply-demand mismatch constitutes a highly critical and serious situation due to the fact that, in general, the supply can neither be stored nor transported.***Within the very broad 5G+ paradigm, the objective of the proposed research program is two-fold:*** Theme I: Developing models to capture the highly heterogeneous traffic scenarios of the future. *** Theme II: Developing novel and possibly disruptive solutions to alleviate the impact of the resulting unprecedented congestion scenarios in HetHetNets.****The proposed research program will contribute to Canada's remaining as an important and competent player in the global ICT area with the creation of the necessary knowledge base and the training of highly-qualified personnel. **