Catalytic processes with plasma and cavitation dual intensification: application in hydrodeoxygenation

加拿大致力于深度脱碳，目标是将人均二氧化碳排放量从2015年的20.1吨减少到2050年的1.7吨。交通运输、石油和天然气行业的二氧化碳排放量占总排放量的60%。这些部门的温室气体减排可以通过开发更节能的化学工艺和使用碳中和能源来实现。在交通运输领域，采用电动汽车来减少温室气体排放的势头有所增强，然而，在可预见的未来，对液体燃料的需求将继续存在，尤其是航空和海洋领域。通过开发生产碳中性生物燃料的可持续工艺，可以实现温室气体排放的显著减少。这些迫切需要正在推动世界范围内的努力，将我们的传统能源计划转变为可持续能源计划，并实现燃料和化学品生产技术的范式转变。这是一项重大挑战，需要当今技术的若干进步。******拟议的研究计划将解决上述挑战，并将促进加拿大在实现深度脱碳目标方面的领导地位。这将通过一个战略规划项目来实现，该项目将通过双催化强化过程为能源创新提供世界级的研究，并应用于先进的生物燃料升级。它定义了一个新的研究方向，将非传统的能量模块空化和等离子体-集成到传统的热过程中，以激活催化剂，调整动力学并在较温和的反应条件下（例如较低的温度和/或压力）加强反应。空化会造成极端的微观环境，导致局部温度和压力非常高，而整体宏观环境与预设的操作条件保持一致。等离子体通常以其激活催化反应的能力而闻名。它能使反应物分子极化并使化学键离解。这两种能量模块的整合有望创造极端的微环境，使分子内和分子间的效率最大化，从而在温和的条件下进行原位氢和加氢脱氧的靶向反应。强化催化工艺有望：(1)为小型生物炼制开发一种新型的空化等离子体强化催化工艺；(2)在多相反应中使相界面间的传质最大化；(3)实现原位生成氢气进行加氢脱氧；(4)开发一种可回收的双功能催化剂，用于生物燃料的氢气生成和脱氧。＊＊＊＊＊

Canada is committed to deep decarbonization targeting the reduction of per capita carbon dioxide emissions from 20.1 tons in 2015 to 1.7 tons in 2050. The transportation, oil, and gas sectors contribute 60% of the total CO2 emissions. GHG reductions in these sectors can be achieved by developing more energy efficient chemical processes and also by using carbon neutral energy. In the transportation sector there is some momentum towards adopting electric vehicles to reduce GHG emissions however, for the foreseeable future there will continue to be a need for liquid fuels especially for the aviation and marine sectors. Significant reductions in GHG emissions can be achieved by developing sustainable processes for the production of carbon neutral biofuels. These imperatives are driving worldwide efforts to transform our traditional energy scheme into a sustainable one and to achieve a paradigm shift in the technology of fuel and chemical production. This represents a significant challenge requiring several advancements from today's technologies. ******The proposed research program will address the above challenges and will facilitate Canadian leadership in achieving the deep decarbonization goals. This will be accomplished through a strategically planned program that will deliver world-class research via dual catalytic intensified processes for energy innovations with an application for advanced biofuels upgrading. It defines a new research direction that integrates non-conventional energy modules Cavitation and Plasma - to the traditional thermal process in order to activate catalysts, tune kinetics and intensify reactions at milder reaction conditions (e.g. lower temperature and/or pressure). Cavitation can create extreme micro-environments, which results in very high temperatures and pressures locally, with the overall macro-environment remaining the same as pre-set operating conditions. Plasma is commonly known for its capability to activate catalytic reactions. It can polarize reactant molecules and dissociate chemical bonds. Integration of the two energy modules is expected to create extreme micro environments where the intra and inter-molecular effectiveness are maximized so that the targeted reactions formation of in-situ hydrogen and hydrodeoxygenation can take place at mild conditions. The intensified catalytic processes are expected to (1) develop a novel cavitation-plasma intensified catalytic process for small-scaled biorefinery; (2) maximize mass transfer between phase interfaces in a multiphase reaction; (3) realize the generation of in-situ hydrogen for hydrodeoxygenation; (4) develop a recyclable bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen formation and for deoxygenation of biofuels. *****