Mechanisms to understand the basis of species invasiveness

了解物种入侵基础的机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04480
• 负责人: Macisaac, Hugh
• 金额: $ 4.52万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691127
• 关键词: Mechanisms; understand; basis; species; invasiveness

Biological invasions are a leading source of biodiversity change globally. Understanding the factors that contribute to invasion success at both the establishment-spread stage and impact stage are vital to reducing ecological, economic and health problems associated with introduction of nonindigenous species (NIS). Prior work has determined that some NIS that are introduced to and establish in a new ecosystem will have a greater ecological impact than do complementary native species at the same trophic level, possibly owing to prey naivety. It has proven very challenging to develop generalities to predict NIS impact, though recent work has focused on differences in functional responses - the feeding rate of an animal relative to food density. This work revealed generally higher feeding rates by invasive (i.e. high impact) NIS than their native analogues. However, the underlying basis for these feeding rate differences has not been addressed, nor has the generality of the pattern across different taxonomic groups.***In this proposal I will conduct comparative feeding trials of NIS and native species from a broad array of environments - including terrestrial and aquatic environments - and trophic levels - predators versus herbivores - to test for differences in functional responses. Taxa selected will include broadly different taxonomic groups including beetles, mussels, fishes, ascidians and crabs, allowing us to examine the generality of feeding rate differences. Feeding trials of beetles will be videotaped, which will allow us to determine the species' behavioural repertoires (e.g. time budgets, attack rate). Functional responses are expressed through the interaction of an organism's physiology with its environment. When active, genes produce mRNAs, and up-regulation or down-regulation of these genes produces more or fewer of these molecules. Translation of these molecules into proteins enacts the responses (ie. feeding rate). We will apply transcriptomics using a candidate gene approach, whereby specific genes hypothesized to play a role in the efficiency of predation/herbivory, will be targeted. If invasiveness has a molecular basis, we expect that basic digestive enzymes (e.g. -amylases), metabolic genes (eg. ATPases), sensory genes (e.g. opsin genes), or muscle genes (e.g. tropomyosin) should be differentially expressed in invasive NIS versus native species. Our studies will also explore the importance of ambient temperature and life stages to these results. *** *** *** **

生物入侵是全球生物多样性变化的主要来源。 了解的因素，有助于入侵成功的建立传播阶段和影响阶段是至关重要的，以减少生态，经济和健康问题与引进非本地物种（NIS）。先前的工作已经确定，一些国家创新系统，引入并建立在一个新的生态系统将有更大的生态影响比互补的本地物种在相同的营养水平，可能是由于猎物的天真。 它已被证明是非常具有挑战性的发展概括性预测国家创新系统的影响，虽然最近的工作集中在功能反应的差异-动物的摄食率相对于食物密度。这项工作显示，一般较高的喂养率侵入性（即高影响）NIS比他们的本地类似物。 然而，这些摄食率差异的根本基础尚未得到解决，也没有在不同分类群体之间的模式的普遍性。在本提案中，我将对NIS和来自广泛环境（包括陆地和水生环境）和营养水平（捕食者与食草动物）的本地物种进行比较喂养试验，以测试功能反应的差异。 所选的分类群将包括广泛不同的分类群，包括甲虫，贻贝，鱼类，海鞘和螃蟹，使我们能够检查的一般性的摄食率差异。 甲虫的喂食试验将被录像，这将使我们能够确定物种的行为剧目（例如时间预算，攻击率）。 功能反应是通过生物体的生理与其环境的相互作用来表达的。 当活跃时，基因产生mRNA，这些基因的上调或下调产生更多或更少的这些分子。将这些分子翻译成蛋白质会产生反应（即。进料速率）。我们将应用转录组学的候选基因的方法，从而特定的基因假设发挥作用的效率捕食/草食动物，将有针对性的。 如果侵袭性有分子基础，我们预计基本消化酶（如-淀粉酶），代谢基因（如-淀粉酶），ATP酶），感觉基因（如视蛋白基因），或肌肉基因（如原肌球蛋白）应在入侵NIS与本地物种的差异表达。我们的研究还将探讨环境温度和生命阶段对这些结果的重要性。 *** *** *** **