DISSECTING SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN PLANT IMMUNITY

剖析植物免疫中的信号通路

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-04046
• 负责人: Li, Xin
• 金额: $ 5.03万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691451
• 关键词: DISSECTING; SIGNALING; PATHWAYS; PLANT; IMMUNITY

***Dissecting signaling pathways in plant immunity****** Microbial diseases are a major threat to global crop production, resulting in annual crop yield losses between 10 to 16%. Billions of dollars are spent each year on pesticides to protect crops from pathogens. These chemicals are often damaging to the environment and may also lead to the evolution of pesticide-resistant pathogens. Thus, safe and sustainable pathogen control methods are critical to the success of modern agriculture. One successful approach is to breed crops with disease resistance (R) genes, which mostly encode nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats (NLR) immune receptors that can perceive specific pathogens and trigger strong defense responses. Typical plant NLRs are further classified into Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) or coil-coiled (CC) type depending on their corresponding N-termini. Despite NLR-mediated resistance being highly effective, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The long-term goal of my lab is to understand NLR-mediated immunity at the molecular level and use that knowledge to develop methods for sustainable crop protection.****** During the past decade, we have established several autoimmune models and successfully used them to discover many novel components that contribute to plant immunity. We showed that nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, transcriptional regulation, NLR dimerization/oligomerization, protein modifications and RNA processing all play important roles in NLR-mediated immunity. We also uncovered an NLR degradation pathway that regulates the homeostasis of NLRs. In this current NSERC Discovery program of research, we will build on these established autoimmune models and use next-generation sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and proteomics methods to identify key missing players of NLR-mediated immunity and elucidate how they function together to mount a proper defense upon pathogen attack. ******In the next five years, we will focus on the following two specific objectives:******1. Characterize TIR-type NLR (TNL) mediated immune signaling pathways activated through the helper NLRs, ADR1s and NRG1s; and******2. Dissect plant immune signaling pathways that are dependent or independent of the defense hormone salicylic acid.*** *** The proposed research will not only enrich our understanding of how plants defend against microbial pathogens and train the next-generation of highly qualified diverse scientists, but will also provide new insight for designing novel strategies to protect the crop plants without reliance on pesticides. In addition, as NLR receptors are also present in mammals, our proposed studies on plant NLRs may shed light on how their animal counterparts function and could thus have potential health benefits.********

***解剖植物免疫中的信号通路******微生物疾病是对全球作物产量的主要威胁，导致每年的农作物产量损失在10％至16％之间。每年花费数十亿美元用于农药，以保护农作物免受病原体的侵害。这些化学物质通常会损害环境，也可能导致抗农药病原体的演变。因此，安全可持续的病原体控制方法对于现代农业的成功至关重要。一种成功的方法是繁殖具有抗病性（R）基因的农作物，这些农作物主要编码核苷酸结合结构域和富含亮氨酸的重复剂（NLR）免疫受体，可以感知特定的病原体并触发强烈的防御反应。典型的植物NLR进一步分类为Toll/Interleukin-1受体（TIR）或卷积型（CC）类型，具体取决于其相应的N末端。尽管NLR介导的抗性非常有效，但其分子机制仍不清楚。我实验室的长期目标是了解分子水平上的NLR介导的免疫力，并利用这些知识来开发可持续作物保护的方法。******在过去十年中，我们已经建立了几种自身免疫模型，并成功地使用了它们来发现许多新型组件，这些新型成分有助于植物免疫。我们表明，核细胞流量，转录调控，NLR二聚/寡聚，蛋白质修饰和RNA加工在NLR介导的免疫中都起着重要作用。我们还发现了一个NLR降解途径，该途径调节了NLR的稳态。在当前的NSERC发现研究计划中，我们将基于这些已建立的自身免疫模型，并使用下一代测序，CRISPR/CAS9基因编辑和蛋白质组学方法来识别NLR介导的免疫力的关键缺失参与者，并阐明它们如何共同在病原体攻击中进行适当的防御能力。 ******在接下来的五年中，我们将重点关注以下两个具体目标：****** 1。表征TIR型NLR（TNL）介导的免疫信号通路通过辅助NLR，ADR1和NRG1激活；和****** 2。剖析植物免疫信号传导途径，依赖或独立于防御激素水杨酸。*** ***拟议的研究不仅会丰富我们对植物如何抵抗微生物病原体的理解，并训练高素质多元化的科学家的下一代，而且还将为无需重新设计农作物的新策略提供新的洞察力。此外，由于哺乳动物也存在NLR受体，因此我们对植物NLR的拟议研究可能会阐明其动物对应物的功能，从而具有潜在的健康益处。**************************************