Using Spectroscopic Remote Sensing to Investigate Atmospheric Composition and its Changes

利用光谱遥感研究大气成分及其变化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-06664
• 负责人: Walker, Kaley
• 金额: $ 5.39万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=691737
• 关键词: Using; Spectroscopic; Remote; Sensing; Investigate

The chemical composition of the Earth's atmosphere is changing due to the influence of human activity. These changes are affecting, and will continue to affect, the quality of life on Earth. Currently, three of the most important issues in atmospheric science are ozone layer recovery, emission and transport of air pollutants and climate change because of their negative effects on human health and ecosystems. Measurements of atmospheric gases are necessary to understand these issues and to monitor atmospheric gases as part of international treaties and protocols. To address these issues, my research group makes measurements from the ground to study the chemical makeup of the Earth's atmosphere and how it is changing with time. To further this research program, we will undertake the following projects over the next five years.***1) Portable instruments provide atmospheric information that is complementary to that collected from satellites and permanent observatories. These movable instruments can be used to create a temporary observatory or to augment the capabilities of an existing observatory. Using a portable instrument (PARIS-IR), this project will build on past measurements of the high Arctic atmosphere in springtime to create a fifteen-year long data set of key chemicals involved in climate change, air pollution and depletion of the ozone layer. Along with measurements made in Ontario, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, these observations will be used to investigate how different instruments on the ground "see" what is happening in the atmosphere. These results will be used to determine how a portable instrument can be best used to calibrate measurements made at different permanent observatories and to further our understanding of the changing atmosphere.***2) Depletion of the ozone layer occurs each spring when sunlight returns to the Arctic. However, the amount of depletion that occurs varies significantly from year-to-year due to differences such as atmospheric temperature. Thus, to have a more complete picture of how ozone losses occur, year-round measurements of ozone as well as the gases involved in ozone destruction reactions are required. The useful millimeter-wave radiometry technique provides measurements of atmospheric gases during both day and night. Because these instruments do not require sunlight to operate, year-round measurements can be collected in the high Arctic, the region that experiences extended periods of darkness during winter. This project will develop the data processing methods needed to turn measurements of the atmosphere into profiles of how chemical concentrations change with height. This data processing method will be used to extract data from a new instrument that is being developed to study ozone depletion at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory in Eureka, Nunavut (80 N, 1100 km from the North Pole).

由于人类活动的影响，地球大气层的化学成分正在发生变化。 这些变化正在影响并将继续影响地球上的生活质量。 目前，大气科学中最重要的三个问题是臭氧层恢复、空气污染物的排放和迁移以及气候变化，因为它们对人类健康和生态系统产生了负面影响。为了了解这些问题，并作为国际条约和议定书的一部分监测大气气体，测量大气气体是必要的。为了解决这些问题，我的研究小组从地面进行测量，研究地球大气的化学组成以及它如何随时间变化。为了进一步推进这项研究计划，我们将在未来五年内开展以下项目 *。1)便携式仪器提供的大气信息是对从卫星和常设观测站收集的信息的补充。这些可移动仪器可用于建立临时观测台或增强现有观测台的能力。 该项目将利用一台便携式仪器（PARIS-IR），在以往春季北极高层大气测量数据的基础上，建立一套长达15年的数据集，记录与气候变化、空气污染和臭氧层消耗有关的关键化学品。沿着在安大略、萨斯喀彻温省和新斯科舍省进行的测量，这些观测将被用来调查地面上的不同仪器如何“看到”大气中发生的事情。这些结果将用于确定如何最好地使用便携式仪器来校准在不同的永久观测站进行的测量，并进一步了解不断变化的大气。2)每年春天，当阳光重新照射到北极时，臭氧层就会消失。 然而，由于大气温度等差异，每年发生的消耗量差异很大。因此，为了更全面地了解臭氧损失是如何发生的，需要对臭氧以及臭氧破坏反应所涉及的气体进行全年测量。有用的毫米波辐射测量技术提供了白天和夜晚的大气气体测量。由于这些仪器不需要阳光就能工作，因此可以在北极高地收集全年的测量数据，该地区在冬季经历长时间的黑暗。该项目将开发必要的数据处理方法，将大气测量结果转化为化学浓度如何随高度变化的剖面图。这种数据处理方法将用于从一种新仪器中提取数据，该仪器正在努纳武特（北纬80度，距北极1100公里）的尤里卡极地环境大气研究实验室开发，以研究臭氧消耗情况。