The cosmology/collider connection

宇宙学/对撞机的联系

• 批准号: SAPIN-2017-00027
• 负责人: Cline, James
• 金额: $ 5.83万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=692241
• 关键词: cosmology; collider; connection

The first revelation of new physics, outside of the standard model of elementary particles, could come from any of a great range of different kinds of experimental searches. These include creation of new kinds of particles in the laboratory, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), by high-energy particle collisions, as well as astrophysical searches for such new particles coming from the cosmos. This proposal aims to synthesize data coming from a wide range of experiments and interpret it in terms of possible new models of particle physics, to maximize our chances of discovery. ******In particular, we will investigate possible new effects of the dark matter of the universe, known to be present but as yet unidentified. For example a small dark matter component with very strong self-interactions might be able to shed light on the conundrum of early formation of supermassive black holes, or the unknown origin of ultra-diffuse galaxies. Decaying dark matter with a very long lifetime could explain the highest energy neutrinos measured by the IceCube observatory in Antarctica. Dark matter with interactions that do not respect the symmetry between particles and antiparticles could help to explain the preponderance of matter over antimatter (known as the baryon asymmetry) in the universe. Such new interactions should be within the discovery reach of LHC.******If the LHC does not discover new particles in the next few years, we will be forced to rely upon less direct hints of possible new physics. One of these is the peculiar observation that the potential of the Higgs boson is very close to the edge of stability, when extrapolated to very high energies. This can have profound consequences in the early universe, where we believe that a rapid period of inflationary expansion preceded the big bang. Such an instability has been shown to lead to a subsequent universe very unlike our own, hence the Higgs potential should remain stable up to high energies. Whether it does so depends upon the interactions of the Higgs boson with possible new particles beyond the standard model, including dark matter. We propose to search for links between the Higgs boson instability and two other problems of the standard model of particle physics: why the Higgs mass and the vacuum energy of the universe are so far below the high scale where they should naturally be, known as the Planck scale, that governs quantum gravity.**

在基本粒子的标准模型之外，新物理学的第一个启示可能来自于大量不同类型的实验研究中的任何一个。 其中包括在实验室中通过高能粒子碰撞创建新型粒子，例如大型强子对撞机（LHC），以及天体物理学搜索来自宇宙的此类新粒子。 该提案旨在综合来自广泛实验的数据，并根据可能的粒子物理新模型对其进行解释，以最大限度地提高我们发现的机会。 ******特别是，我们将研究已知存在但尚未识别的宇宙暗物质可能产生的新影响。 例如，具有很强自相互作用的小型暗物质成分可能能够揭示超大质量黑洞早期形成的难题，或超扩散星系的未知起源。 具有很长寿命的衰变暗物质可以解释南极洲冰立方天文台测量到的最高能量中微子。 暗物质的相互作用不尊重粒子和反粒子之间的对称性，这有助于解释宇宙中物质相对反物质的优势（称为重子不对称性）。 这种新的相互作用应该在大型强子对撞机的发现范围内。*****如果大型强子对撞机在未来几年内没有发现新的粒子，我们将被迫依赖可能的新物理学的不太直接的暗示。 其中之一是一个奇特的观察结果，即当外推到非常高的能量时，希格斯玻色子的潜力非常接近稳定边缘。 这可能会对早期宇宙产生深远的影响，我们相信在大爆炸之前有一段快速的暴胀膨胀时期。 这种不稳定性已被证明会导致随后的宇宙与我们自己的宇宙非常不同，因此希格斯势在高能量下应该保持稳定。 是否这样做取决于希格斯玻色子与标准模型之外可能的新粒子（包括暗物质）的相互作用。 我们建议寻找希格斯玻色子不稳定性与粒子物理标准模型的其他两个问题之间的联系：为什么希格斯质量和宇宙的真空能量远远低于它们自然应有的高尺度，即控制量子引力的普朗克尺度。**