New Functional Materials via Self-Assembly and Catalysis

题为“通过自组装和催化的新功能材料”的提案将涵盖我们小组两个不同的研究领域，这些研究领域有可能产生有影响力的新基础科学，也有可能产生具有有用特性和潜在社会应用的新型自组装和聚合物材料。***1)自组装***当前的一个关键合成挑战涉及创建均匀和功能性聚合物基一维纤维状和二维血小板颗粒，这些颗粒存在于纳米到微米的长度尺度上，用于各种应用。在本提案中，我们概述了一个方案，通过利用和解决与活结晶驱动的自组装平台相关的关键挑战来解决这个问题。利用这种溶液加工种子生长方法，两亲嵌段共聚物与可结晶的π共轭嵌段和相关的两亲共聚物将被用于可预测地构建一维和二维电活性粒子，这些粒子具有可控的尺寸和空间定义的化学性质。我们今年早些时候发表的研究结果表明，由活结晶驱动的自组装产生的一维共轭聚芴基粒子表明，由光吸收形成的空穴电子对或“激子”能够在所需的大距离（> 200 nm）上扩散，从而形成足够厚度的光收集膜，几乎可以吸收所有入射光。这种扩散长度比通常发现的共轭聚合物大一个数量级。结果表明，由活结晶驱动的自组装产生的粒子在诸如提高效率的太阳能电池等光收集光电器件中具有潜在的应用，我们的目标是探索这种令人兴奋的可能性。在过去的一个世纪里，过渡金属催化反应的发展彻底改变了有机分子和聚合物的合成。与之形成鲜明对比的是，基于主群元素的链状结构的合成方法仍然有限。我们的团队一直处于开发p-嵌段元素之间键的催化途径的前沿，以促进主基团分子和材料的改进途径的创建。在本提案中，我们的目标是基于磷和其他p-嵌段元素的新型主基团聚合物，具有一系列潜在的应用，一旦它们的性质得到充分描述，这些应用将变得清晰。例如，随着卤化阻燃剂的逐步淘汰，开发新的阻燃材料是相关的，从这个角度来看，新的磷基p块材料可能特别有前途。拟议的研究旨在成为国际化学和材料科学的前沿。新的商业上重要的产品的最终可能性是现实的，并期望为年轻科学家提供良好和广泛的培训

The proposal entitled “New Functional Materials via Self-Assembly and Catalysis” will cover two distinct areas of research in our group that have the potential to give rise to both impactful new fundamental science and also novel self-assembled and polymeric materials with useful properties and potential applications of societal relevance.***1) Self-Assembly***A key current synthetic challenge involves the creation of uniform and functional polymer-based 1D fiber-like and 2D platelet particles that exist on a length-scale of nanometers to microns for various applications. In this proposal we outline a program to tackle this issue by exploiting, and addressing key challenges associated with, the living crystallization-driven self-assembly platform. Using this solution processing seeded-growth approach, amphiphilic block copolymers with crystallizable pi-conjugated blocks and related amphiphiles will be used to predictably construct 1D and 2D electroactive particles with controlled dimensions and spatially-defined chemistries. Our results published earlier this year for 1D conjugated polyfluorene-based particles created by living crystallization-driven self-assembly indicate that the hole-electron pairs or “excitons” formed by light-absorption are able to diffuse over the large distances needed (> 200 nm) to allow the creation of light-harvesting films of sufficient thickness to absorb virtually all of the incident light. This diffusion length is an order of magnitude larger than that normally found for conjugated polymers. The results indicate that particles created by living crystallization-driven self-assembly have potential applications in, for example, light-harvesting optoelectronic devices such as solar cells with improved efficiency and we aim to explore this exciting possibility. ***2) Catalysis***Over the past century the development of transition metal-catalyzed reactions has revolutionized the synthesis of organic molecules and polymers. In striking contrast, the synthetic methods used to create catenated structures based on main group elements are still limited. Our group has been at the forefront of the development of catalytic routes to bonds between p-block elements to facilitate the creation of improved routes to main group molecules and materials. In this proposal we target novel main group polymers based on phosphorus and other p-block elements with a range of potential applications which will become clear once their properties have been fully delineated. For example, with the phase-out of halogenated flame retardants, the development of new flame-retardant materials is pertinent and the new phosphorus-based p-block materials targeted may be particularly promising from this perspective.***The proposed research aims to be at the leading edge of chemical and materials science internationally. The ultimate possibility of new commercially important products is realistic, and an excellent and broad training for young scientists is anticipated.**