Nutritional approaches for enhancing productivity and welfare in poultry: epigenetic response to maternal feeding of omega-3 fatty acids

提高家禽生产力和福利的营养方法：母体喂养 omega-3 脂肪酸的表观遗传反应

• 批准号: 514936-2017
• 负责人: Kiarie, Elijah
• 金额: $ 9.16万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=696890
• 关键词: Nutritional; approaches; enhancing; productivity; welfare

Poultry products are the most consumed animal proteins in Canada and contribute significantly to the national economy. To meet this demand, genetic selection and improvements in nutrition and management have led to dramatic increases in productivity and profitability of table egg laying hens and meat-type birds. On the downside, metabolic and skeletal disorders persist in commercial poultry production and the associated mortality and morbidity exerts huge economic losses to producers. There are two main concerns relating to skeletal disorders in poultry: (a) osteoporosis in egg-laying hens, and (b) leg disorders caused by rapid bone growth in broiler (meat-type) chickens. Furthermore, gastrointestinal adaptation to luminal environmental stress and resiliency to intensive production practices may represent rate-limiting step in genetic improvement for meat-type birds more so in the light of restriction on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) such as EPA and DHA are known to play critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes including development of vital organs such as skeleton, brain, gastrointestinal and engender transgenerational effects on development and behavior. The embryo to neonate transition is a critical period of development in poultry in which important genetic programs governing metabolism and growth are established. The potential of omega-3 FA in stimulating bone, brain, and immune cells development at embryonic through to early phases of chicks could significantly improve poultry productivity and welfare. Previous research in this area had focused on feeding omega-3 FA to adult birds to manage metabolic disorders, but limited research has investigated maternal feeding of omega-3 FA on epigenetic responses in the progeny. To address this gap in knowledge, series of studies will be conducted to explore epigenetic response of feeding broiler and egg strain pullet breeders omega-3 FA and subsequent effects on progeny skeletal, gut and behavioral development. The research project will support training of 3 Ph.D and 2 undergraduate students, and a technician.

家禽产品是加拿大消费量最大的动物蛋白，对国民经济贡献巨大。为了满足这一需求，遗传选择和营养和管理的改进导致了产蛋母鸡和肉食型鸟类的生产力和盈利能力的显着提高。不利的一面是，代谢和骨骼疾病在商业家禽生产中持续存在，相关的死亡率和发病率给生产者带来巨大的经济损失。家禽骨骼疾病主要有两个问题：（a）产蛋母鸡的骨质疏松症，和（B）肉鸡（肉食型）骨骼快速生长引起的腿部疾病。此外，胃肠道适应腔环境压力和弹性，集约化生产的做法可能代表限速步骤，在遗传改良的肉食型鸟类更是在使用抗生素生长促进剂（AGP）的限制。已知Omega-3脂肪酸（FA）如EPA和DHA在多种生物过程的调节中发挥关键作用，包括重要器官如骨骼、大脑、胃肠道的发育，并对发育和行为产生跨代影响。胚胎到新生儿的过渡期是家禽发育的关键时期，在此期间建立了重要的遗传程序来控制代谢和生长。omega-3 FA在刺激骨骼、大脑和免疫细胞发育方面的潜力，从胚胎到雏鸡的早期阶段，可以显着提高家禽的生产力和福利。这一领域的先前研究集中于向成年鸟类喂食omega-3 FA以管理代谢紊乱，但有限的研究调查了母体喂食omega-3 FA对后代表观遗传反应的影响。为了解决这一知识缺口，将进行一系列研究，以探索饲喂肉鸡和蛋用品系雏鸡的表观遗传反应，以及对后代骨骼、肠道和行为发育的后续影响。 该研究项目将支持3名博士和2名本科生以及一名技术人员的培训。