An intentional architectural framework for engineering knowledge-intensive service systems

知识密集型服务系统(KISS)是一个组织和技术代理网络，依靠知识作为关键资源，协作创造对系统各实体有价值的知识密集型产出和成果。KISS的例子包括围绕知识密集型商业服务(KIBS)提供商和开放创新倡议形成的网络。知识密集型服务活动是工业化经济体的重要组成部分，仅知识密集型服务业就为加拿大2012年的国内生产总值贡献了800多亿美元。 源于产品工程的传统服务工程方法已经发现，由于KISS中人力资源、技术和组织因素之间的强烈交互作用，已经不能满足这种类型的服务。服务系统工程为这一问题提供了一种潜在的解决方案，专注于定义和发现服务系统实体及其随时间变化的动态关系。服务系统工程领域面临的一个重要挑战是创建用于开发服务系统体系结构的高级模型、方法和工具。但是，尽管在这方面做出了一些贡献，我们仍然缺乏能够解释KISS的关键特征的架构框架，例如实体之间的协作关系及其对知识的依赖。 本研究计划旨在通过创建KISS体系结构开发的意向体系结构框架(IAF-KISSA)来弥补这一差距。使用意图代理的概念、它们的目标以及这些代理用来实现其意图的策略的系统设计和开发已经在许多相关领域实现，例如需求工程；企业建模；以及面向服务的计算。由于意向建模需要考虑利益相关者的各种观点及其潜在冲突，因此它非常适合于引出有目的的系统(如服务系统)的需求。该研究计划的三个目标是：1)提供对KISS体系结构建模的要求的正式定义；2)使用有意的方法和建模语言创建体系结构框架；以及3)评估和改进框架。 这一计划的结果对服务工程领域非常重要，使其能够将其范围扩大到一个关键的经济领域。在实际层面上，IAF-KISSA将提供一种正式方法，使KISS的功能方面(如资源规划)与业务方面(如业绩评估)保持一致。此外，鉴于知识对所有类型的服务系统的重要性，这项研究的结果可提供一种创新的方式来设计一般的服务系统。

A knowledge-intensive service system (KISS) is a network of organizational and technological agents that rely on knowledge as a key resource to collaboratively create knowledge-intensive outputs and outcomes that are valuable to the system's entities. Examples of KISS include networks that form around knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) providers and open innovation initiatives. Knowledge-intensive service activities are key components of industrialized economies, with the KIBS sector alone contributing over $80 billion to Canada's Gross Domestic Product in 2012. Traditional service engineering methods, drawn from product engineering, have been found inadequate for this type of service because of the intense interactions among human resources, technology, and organizational factors in KISS. Service systems engineering offers a potential solution to this issue, focusing on the definition and discovery of service system entities and their dynamic relationships through time. An important challenge for the field of service systems engineering is the creation of advanced models, methods, and tools for developing service systems architectures. But despite a number of contributions in this regard, we are still lacking architectural frameworks that account for key characteristics of KISS such as collaborative relationships among entities and their reliance on knowledge. This research program aims at addressing this gap by creating an Intentional Architectural Framework for the development of KISS Architectures (IAF-KISSA). The design and development of systems using the concepts of intentional agents, their goals, and the strategies used by these agents to achieve their intentions has been implemented in a number of related areas such as requirements engineering; enterprise modeling; and, service-oriented computing. Since intentional modeling requires the consideration of the various viewpoints of stakeholders and their potential conflicts, it is ideally suited to eliciting the requirements of purposeful systems such as service systems. The three objectives of the research program are to: 1) provide a formal definition of the requirements for modeling a KISS architecture; 2) create an architectural framework using an intentional approach and modeling language; and, 3) evaluate and refine the framework. The results of this program are important for the field of service engineering, allowing it to expand its scope to a key economic domain. On a practical level, IAF-KISSA will provide a formal approach for aligning functional aspects of KISS, such as resource planning, with business aspects, such as performance evaluation Moreover, given the importance of knowledge for all types of service systems, the results of this research could provide an innovative manner in which to engineer service systems in general.