Biomechanical load sharing in the foot during dynamic, load-bearing activity

动态承重活动期间足部的生物力学负荷分配

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04439
• 负责人: Jenkyn, Thomas
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709313
• 关键词: Biomechanical; load; sharing; foot; during

The foot is structurally redundant. It is unlike the thigh or the lower leg where there are only one or two large bones and really only one way for biomechanical loads to be transmitted. The foot is instead a complex structure of 26 bones that each bear biomechanical load. An interesting fact is that about one quarter of the bones in the entire human body are in the two feet. This gives the foot a tremendous flexibility in how it transmits loads between the body and the ground. But how the foot does so is poorly understood. Connecting the ankle joint to the ground are five rays', or columns, of bones that start at the heel (calcaneus) and terminate at each of the toes. The first ray is also known as the medial longitudinal arch, the fifth ray is the lateral longitudinal arch. Each ray transmits a portion of the total biomechanical load from the body to the ground. But what proportion of the total load each ray bears cannot be calculated deterministically due to the foot's structural redundancy. It remains an open question how much load goes through each ray, whether the sharing of load is always the same, whether it changes from step to step, whether it changes during a step and whether it is the same between different people. This research program addresses the question of load sharing in the foot. It uses two complementary approaches, direct measurement on healthy test subjects performing dynamic tasks and finite element (FE) modeling of the foot anatomy, footwear and orthotics. The motion of the bones of the foot in healthy subjects is measured using the technique of fluoroscopic radio-stereometric analysis (fRSA). This system uses x-rays to image the bones while the test subject is performing dynamic tasks such as walking straight ahead and change directions. Within the shoe, the pressure between the footwear and the top and bottom of the foot is measured directly using an in-shoe pressure sensing system. The overall motion of the body is measured using optical motion capture. These three systems have never been combined for the study of the foot before. This program of research will significantly improve our understanding of how the feet keep us upright and mobile, and how footwear and orthotics can facilitate our mobility.

脚在结构上是多余的。它不像大腿或小腿，那里只有一个或两个大骨头，而且只有一种方式传递生物力学载荷。相反，脚是一个由26块骨头组成的复杂结构，每块骨头都承受着生物力学载荷。一个有趣的事实是，整个人体中大约四分之一的骨头在两只脚上。这给了脚一个巨大的灵活性，它如何在身体和地面之间传递负荷。但人们对脚是如何做到这一点的却知之甚少。将踝关节连接到地面的是五根从脚跟（跟骨）开始到每个脚趾结束的骨射线或骨柱。第一条射线也被称为内侧纵弓，第五条射线是外侧纵弓，每条射线将总生物力学载荷的一部分从身体传递到地面。但是由于脚的结构冗余，每条射线承受的总载荷的比例无法确定地计算。它仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，有多少负载通过每个射线，负载的共享是否总是相同的，它是否从一步到另一步变化，它是否在一步中变化，以及它是否在不同的人之间是相同的。这项研究计划解决了足部负荷分担的问题。它使用两种互补的方法，对执行动态任务的健康测试对象进行直接测量，以及对足部解剖结构、鞋类和矫形器进行有限元（FE）建模。使用荧光透视放射立体测量分析（fRSA）技术测量健康受试者足部骨骼的运动。该系统使用X射线对骨骼进行成像，同时测试对象正在执行动态任务，例如向前直行和改变方向。在鞋内，使用鞋内压力传感系统直接测量鞋类与足部的顶部和底部之间的压力。 使用光学运动捕捉测量身体的整体运动。 这三个系统从来没有被结合起来研究脚之前。 这项研究计划将大大提高我们对脚如何使我们直立和移动的，以及鞋类和矫形器如何促进我们的流动性的理解。