Investigation of drilling penetration mechanisms and early kick detection to improve drilling performance, efficiency and safety

研究钻井穿透机制和早期井涌检测，以提高钻井性能、效率和安全性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05409
• 负责人: Butt, Stephen
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709679
• 关键词: Investigation; drilling; penetration; mechanisms; early

Drilling or rock penetration is a fundamental activity involved with a range of engineering activities, for example drilling wellbores for exploration and production of petroleum resources, diamond core drilling and blasthole drilling for the mineral industry, and drilling wells for environmental and geotechnical engineering applications. All of these drilling activities can be categorized as either rotary drilling or rotary-percussion drilling. Rotary drilling is described by a static weight-on-bit, an average rotary speed and resulting torque-on-bit, and average bit jet-nozzle hydraulics resulting from circulation of drilling fluids. Rotary-percussion drilling includes these same parameters plus percussive hammer rate and resulting dynamic impact forces. Drilling efficiency can be described as reaching the drilling targets as quickly and with least costs as possible. This includes components such as rate-of-penetration, specific energy (defined as the amount of energy consumed per until volume of rock penetrated), and rate of bit wear which plays a critical role in the life of the bit and amount of inefficient non-penetrating-time needed to pull (or trip) the drill string to replace the bit. Through drilling research conducted during the past several decades, including contributions from the applicant, it is widely accepted drilling efficiency is a function of the rock strength and rock type, drilling penetration mechanisms (determined by the selection of rotary versus rotary-percussion drilling and bit type), level of bit wear, bottom-hole-pressure and bit hydraulics (which determine the efficiency of cuttings clearing), and dynamic bit-rock interaction and bit-rock compliance (which influences both the penetration mechanisms and cuttings clearing). The Drilling Technology Laboratory at Memorial University has the facilities to simulate rotary and rotary-percussion drilling under representative field conditions while measuring a range of drilling parameters, has the capability to simulate the entry of kick fluids into the wellbore and near well-bore geomechanics, and numerical methodologies to simulate drill string dynamics and friction, bit-rock interaction, cutter penetration mechanisms, and drilling system fatigue. The proposed research will utilize these DTL capabilities to investigate 2 major drilling areas, first by improving the penetration mechanisms for rotary drilling and rotary-percussion drilling through combined numerical and experimental investigations, and secondly to evaluate the potential of early kick detection by identifying potential changes or combinations of changes in dynamic drilling parameters while drilling. Both of these areas of investigation will contribute to improving drilling performance, efficiency, and safety, making drilling activities more cost-effective and less hazardous.

钻井或岩石穿透是涉及一系列工程活动的基本活动，例如为勘探和生产石油资源钻井，为矿产工业钻钻金刚石岩心和爆破孔，以及为环境和岩土工程应用钻井。所有这些钻井活动可分为旋转钻井或旋转冲击钻井。旋转钻井由静态钻头重量、平均旋转速度和由此产生的钻头扭矩以及钻井液循环产生的平均钻头喷嘴液压系统来描述。旋转冲击钻井包括这些相同的参数，再加上冲击锤速率和由此产生的动态冲击力。钻井效率可以被描述为以尽可能低的成本快速达到钻井目标。这包括钻速、比能量（定义为钻入岩石体积之前消耗的能量）、钻头磨损率（对钻头寿命起关键作用）以及钻柱拉起（或起下钻）更换钻头所需的低效非穿透时间。通过过去几十年的钻井研究，包括申请人的贡献，人们普遍认为钻井效率是岩石强度和岩石类型、钻井穿透机制（由旋转与旋转冲击钻井和钻头类型的选择决定）、钻头磨损水平、井底压力和钻头水力（决定岩屑清除效率）的函数。动态的钻头-岩石相互作用和钻头-岩石柔度（影响穿透机制和岩屑清除）。纪念大学钻井技术实验室拥有在典型现场条件下模拟旋转和旋转冲击钻井的设施，同时测量一系列钻井参数，有能力模拟井涌流体进入井筒和近井筒的地质力学，并采用数值方法模拟钻柱动力学和摩擦、钻头-岩石相互作用、切削齿穿透机制和钻井系统疲劳。该研究将利用这些DTL能力来研究两个主要的钻井领域，首先通过结合数值和实验研究来改进旋转钻井和旋转冲击钻井的穿透机制，其次通过识别钻井过程中动态钻井参数的潜在变化或组合变化来评估早期井涌检测的潜力。这两个领域的研究将有助于提高钻井性能、效率和安全性，使钻井活动更具成本效益，危害更小。