Computational Models of Humans

人类的计算模型

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04604
• 负责人: Pai, Dinesh
• 金额: $ 6.19万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=711143
• 关键词: Computational; Models; Humans

My long term goal is to create useful computational models of how humans move and physically interact with their environment. The focus is not on black-box modeling of movement data. Rather, it is on modeling the underlying system itself, as a biological machine: the motors (muscles), sensors (esp. mechanoreceptors in muscle and skin), structures (skeleton and connective tissues), and software (neural control). By modeling the underlying sensorimotor system we could achieve better generalization to novel situations and gain fundamental insights into biological principles. In the near term, we could create more believable computer animations of human characters. Specifically, I propose to focus on the following. (1) EULERIAN SOFT TISSUE SIMULATION. Eulerian discretization has shown great promise in my previous work, but constitutes a radical departure from the standard Lagrangian approach. I will systematically explore its strengths and limitations, and identify the significant advantages that could make it the future standard for soft tissue simulation. (2) REALISTIC SKIN MODEL. It is not sufficient to have good algorithms; a model must also reflect real human physiology. My goal is to develop a simulation-ready structural and statistical model of the mechanical behavior of real human skin, based on in vivo measurements. (3) HAND SYSTEM. Modeling the hand as a sensorimotor system with many interacting parts will provide deep insights into why it is so effective. I will focus on the hand since it is our primary effector for interacting with the physical world (including computers) and the key role of skin and soft tissues in hand function. Such virtual human models are required in an enormous range of applications. A central goal of computer animation is the synthesis of human characters interacting with their environment. Realistic models of human movement are also important in biomechanics, neuroscience, and medicine, and could lead to new robot designs based on biological principles. Students and postdoctoral trainees are involved in all aspects of this research, and will acquire a broad range of skills in an interdisciplinary environment, including development of advanced simulation software systems, measurement and analysis of human soft tissues with world class instrumentation, biomechanics, and computer graphics.

我的长期目标是创建有用的计算模型来描述人类如何移动以及与环境的物理交互。 重点不在于运动数据的黑盒建模。 相反，它是将底层系统本身建模为生物机器：电机（肌肉）、传感器（特别是肌肉和皮肤中的机械感受器）、结构（骨骼和结缔组织）和软件（神经控制）。通过对底层感觉运动系统进行建模，我们可以更好地概括新情况，并获得对生物学原理的基本见解。在短期内，我们可以创建更可信的人类角色计算机动画。 具体来说，我建议重点做好以下几方面工作。 (1) 欧拉软组织模拟。 欧拉离散化在我之前的工作中表现出了巨大的前景，但与标准拉格朗日方法完全背离。 我将系统地探索它的优点和局限性，并确定可以使其成为软组织模拟未来标准的显着优势。 (2) 逼真的皮肤模型。光有好的算法是不够的，还需要有好的算法。模型还必须反映真实的人类生理学。我的目标是基于体内测量，开发真实人类皮肤机械行为的可模拟结构和统计模型。 (3)手系统。 将手建模为具有许多相互作用部件的感觉运动系统，将深入了解其为何如此有效。 我将重点关注手，因为它是我们与物理世界（包括计算机）交互的主要效应器，也是皮肤和软组织在手部功能中的关键作用。 各种各样的应用都需要这种虚拟人体模型。 计算机动画的中心目标是合成人类角色与其环境的交互。人体运动的真实模型在生物力学、神经科学和医学中也很重要，并且可能导致基于生物学原理的新机器人设计。 学生和博士后学员参与这项研究的各个方面，并将在跨学科环境中获得广泛的技能，包括开发先进的模拟软件系统、使用世界一流的仪器测量和分析人体软组织、生物力学和计算机图形学。