Advanced additive manufacturing of multifunctional composites

几种高科技产品正在达到它们的操作极限。例如，微电子行业面临着对紧凑型3D架构和降低功耗的日益增长的需求，而航空航天行业正在寻找更轻、更刚性和更导电的材料来减轻其设备的重量。一个非常有希望的解决方案是利用某些微米或纳米材料(十亿分之一米)令人难以置信的性能，并将它们加入塑料中，形成显著改进的复合材料。复合材料的添加制造或三维(3D)打印是一组不同的成型工艺，允许通过计算机模型通过机器人沉积材料来制造结构。这项技术是实现许多机械和航空航天系统的一条非常有前途的途径。我的工作重点是开发先进的复合材料，为添加剂制造提供多种功能(其中给定的应用需要多种性能)。在制造方面，我将继续我最初的工作，打印复杂的自由形状3D结构(没有支撑材料)，并开发一种多材料打印平台，与我的各种性能(机械电阻、导电性、压电性：变形时产生电荷等)的不同复合材料兼容。在材料方面，我将创造新型复合材料，在提供创新功能的同时，保持与高效绿色工艺的兼容性。还将开发数值模拟工具，不仅可以预测复合材料的性能，还可以预测打印部件的性能。我的研究突破了加法制造的界限，并允许创建具有即使是市场上最先进的商业3D打印机也无法实现的特性和几何形状的系统。预计的好处是(1)完全开发出与各种材料和应用兼容的3D自由形式制造方法，(2)打印出由材料复合材料制成的新型完全可打印的传感器，用于电能受限的移动设备(手机、智能服装)，(3)创造污染更少、创新更少的绿色材料和工艺。这些发现将使未来项目的几个学术合作者以及主要在航空航天、微电子和生物医学领域工作的工业合作伙伴受益。

Several high-tech products are reaching their operational limits. For example, the microelectronics industry is facing a growing demand for compact 3D architectures and reduced power consumption, while the aerospace industry is looking for lighter, more rigid and electrically conductive materials to lighten its devices. A very promising solution is to capitalize on the incredible properties of certain micro or nanoscopic materials (1 billionth of a meter) and incorporate them into plastics to form significantly improved composites. Additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, of composites is a grouping of different shaping processes that allows the fabrication of structures through robotic deposition of material by means of a computer model. This technology is a very promising avenue for the implementation of many mechanical and aerospace systems. My work focuses on the development of advanced composite materials offering multiple functionalities (where multiple properties are desired for a given application) for additive manufacturing. On the manufacturing side, I will continue my original work on the printing of complex freeform 3D structures (without support material) and develop a multi-material printing platform compatible with my different composites of various properties (mechanical resistance, electrical conductivity, piezoelectricity: generation of electric charges when deformed, etc.). On the material side, I will create new types of composites that offer innovative features while remaining compatible with efficient green processes. Numerical simulation tools will also be developed to predict the properties of not only the composites, but also of the printed parts. My research pushes the boundaries of additive manufacturing and allows the creation of systems with properties and geometries that are not achievable with even the most advanced commercial 3D printers on the market. The expected benefits are (1) the complete development of a 3D freeform manufacturing method compatible with a wide variety of materials and applications, (2) the printing of a new type of fully printable sensor made of material composites for mobile devices where electrical energy is restricted (cell phone, smart clothing), (3) the creation of green materials and processes that are less polluting and innovative. These discoveries will benefit several academic collaborators for future projects, and industrial partners mainly working in the aerospace, microelectronics and biomedical fields.