Human attention: From brain structures to group interactions.

注意力是一种多方面的认知能力，它为我们的感知、行动、决策和复杂行为提供动力。在我的小组里，我们研究的是使这种复杂能力得以实现的行为和神经系统。 基于注意力作为一种感官调节功能的经典概念，最近的证据，包括我们的工作，表明注意力可能被更全面地概念化为一种复杂的能力，随着传入信息的类型，信息呈现的背景以及个体变量而波动。本提案中概述的工作将评估这一动态。目的1是检验刺激、学习和动机的调节作用。目标2是研究个体之间和个体内部注意力的差异如何影响长期行为和功能结果。最后，在一个令人兴奋的新概念的驱动下，我们的认知，包括注意力操作，是由其他人的存在来调节的，目标3中的研究将研究基本的注意力功能（例如，反射性和自愿性注意）在多人情况下运作，捕捉复杂的互动环境中的基本注意机制的表达，而不管这些交流的社会方面。 这项工作的预期意义有三个方面。首先，我们的方法和结果将有助于建立一个扩展的框架，用于跨多个分析层次研究注意力-从大脑机制到多智能体条件。第二，它们将促进注意力作为一种调节功能的流行知识与注意力作为一种复杂能力的新兴概念的理论整合。最后，所提出的新方法、途径和分析将使我们能够继续吸引、培训和教育最高水平的HQP。

Attention is a multifaceted cognitive ability that fuels our perceptions, actions, decisions, and complex behaviors. In my group, we study the behavioral and neural systems that enable this intricate capacity. Building on the classically-conceived notion of attention as a sensory tuning function, recent evidence, including our work, suggests that attention may be more comprehensively conceptualized as a complex ability that fluctuates with the type of incoming information, context within which that information is presented, and individual variables. The work outlined in this proposal will assess this dynamics. Objective 1 is to examine the modulating effects of stimuli, learning, and motivation. Objective 2 is to investigate how variability in attention between and within individuals influences long-term behavioral and functional outcomes. Finally, driven by an exciting new notion that our cognitions, including attentional operations, are modulated by the presence of other people, the studies in Objective 3 will examine how fundamental attentional functions (e.g., reflexive and voluntary attention) operate in multi-person situations, capturing the expressions of the basic attentional mechanisms in complex interactive contexts irrespective of the social aspects of those exchanges. The anticipated significance of this work is threefold. One, our approaches and results will contribute to the creation of an expanded framework for studying attention across multiple levels of analysis - from brain mechanisms to multi-agent conditions. Two, they will facilitate theoretical integration of the prevailing knowledge of attention as a tuning function with the emerging notion of attention as a complex ability. Finally, the proposed novel methods, approaches, and analyses will enable us to continue to attract, train, and educate HQP at the highest level.