Human attention: From brain structures to group interactions.

注意力是一种多方面的认知能力，它为我们的感知、行动、决策和复杂的行为提供动力。在我的团队中，我们研究了使这种错综复杂的能力得以实现的行为和神经系统。 建立在经典概念的基础上，注意力是一种感觉调节功能，最近的证据，包括我们的工作，表明注意力可能更全面地被概念化为一种复杂的能力，它随着输入信息的类型、信息呈现的背景和个体变量而波动。本提案中概述的工作将评估这一动态。目标1是考察刺激、学习和动机的调节作用。目标2是调查个体之间和个体内部注意力的变异性如何影响长期的行为和功能结果。最后，在一个令人兴奋的新概念的驱动下，我们的认知，包括注意操作，被其他人的存在所调节，目标3的研究将考察基本注意功能(例如，反身性和自愿注意)如何在多人情境中运作，捕捉基本注意机制在复杂交互环境中的表达，而不考虑这些交流的社会方面。 这项工作的预期意义有三个方面。首先，我们的方法和结果将有助于创建一个扩展的框架，用于研究从大脑机制到多智能体条件的多个层次的分析的注意力。第二，它们将促进将注意力作为调谐功能的主流知识与将注意力作为一种复杂能力的新兴概念进行理论整合。最后，建议的新方法、途径和分析将使我们能够继续在最高级别吸引、培训和教育HQP。

Attention is a multifaceted cognitive ability that fuels our perceptions, actions, decisions, and complex behaviors. In my group, we study the behavioral and neural systems that enable this intricate capacity. Building on the classically-conceived notion of attention as a sensory tuning function, recent evidence, including our work, suggests that attention may be more comprehensively conceptualized as a complex ability that fluctuates with the type of incoming information, context within which that information is presented, and individual variables. The work outlined in this proposal will assess this dynamics. Objective 1 is to examine the modulating effects of stimuli, learning, and motivation. Objective 2 is to investigate how variability in attention between and within individuals influences long-term behavioral and functional outcomes. Finally, driven by an exciting new notion that our cognitions, including attentional operations, are modulated by the presence of other people, the studies in Objective 3 will examine how fundamental attentional functions (e.g., reflexive and voluntary attention) operate in multi-person situations, capturing the expressions of the basic attentional mechanisms in complex interactive contexts irrespective of the social aspects of those exchanges. The anticipated significance of this work is threefold. One, our approaches and results will contribute to the creation of an expanded framework for studying attention across multiple levels of analysis - from brain mechanisms to multi-agent conditions. Two, they will facilitate theoretical integration of the prevailing knowledge of attention as a tuning function with the emerging notion of attention as a complex ability. Finally, the proposed novel methods, approaches, and analyses will enable us to continue to attract, train, and educate HQP at the highest level.