Advancing primate models of human auditory cognitive control

摘要 开发更强大的灵长类动物听觉认知控制模型对于 促进对人类认知能力的认知和神经系统的理解 通信有效的模型取决于识别这些系统的哪些方面是 存在于猴子体内。这项工作的长期目标是更好地了解 在人类和灵长类动物的听觉认知控制之间， 关于言语交际障碍的研究模型。本报告的总体目标 应用是确定人类听觉认知控制的某些方面， 模仿灵长类动物核心工作假设是，同样的实验技术 用于建立视觉认知控制也可以阐明听觉认知的组成部分， 控制基本原理是，有效的灵长类动物听觉认知控制的行为模型， 相关神经系统研究的基础，并最终用于开发和测试 治疗交流障碍的新方法。核心假设是 通过实现三个具体目标进行测试：（1）使用诊断工作的测试 记忆，以确定人类听觉工作记忆的哪些组成部分可以在 恒河猴，（2）评估听觉注意和决策的认知控制， 猴子，和（3）评估一个假定的听觉认知控制的神经基板，使用 对人类、猩猩和猴子的比较研究。对于第一个目标，无论 将测试猴子在听觉工作记忆中主动维持信息的能力 在听觉记忆测试中使用竞争性认知负荷和定向遗忘操作。 对于第二个目标，听觉注意力的控制将使用要求的任务进行评估。 灵活地集中听觉注意力和过滤听觉干扰物。认知控制 将使用适应性信息寻求测试来评估决策。对于第三个目标， 听觉认知能力将在猴子，猩猩和人类之间进行比较， 评估这些技能和背侧听觉扩展之间的假定相关性 通路这项研究是创新的，因为它使用了新颖的听觉工作测试 记忆，注意力控制和适应性决策，特别是分离这些 从不受控制的，被动的，或自动机制的过程。该工作还实现了 使用等效测试对灵长类动物的听觉记忆进行系统比较。的 拟议的研究是重要的，因为它预计将提供一个坚实的基础，为未来 使用已证实的灵长类动物模型对认知-交流缺陷进行生物医学研究。

Abstract The development of more powerful primate models of auditory cognitive control is critical for advancing understanding of the cognitive and neural systems underlying the capacity for human communication. Valid models depend on identification of which aspects of these systems are present in monkeys. The long-term goal of this work is to better understand the relations between auditory cognitive control in humans and primates, enhancing the utility of primate models for research on auditory-communicative disorders. The overall objective of this application is to identify some aspects of auditory cognitive control in humans that can be modeled in primates. The central working hypothesis is that the same experimental techniques used to establish visual cognitive control can also elucidate components of auditory cognitive control. The rationale is that valid behavioral models of auditory cognitive control in primates are foundational for studies of the relevant neural systems, and ultimately for developing and testing novel treatments for individuals with communication disorders. The central hypothesis will be tested by accomplishing three specific aims: (1) Use tests that are diagnostic of working memory to determine which components of human auditory working memory can be modeled in rhesus monkeys, (2) Assess cognitive control of auditory attention and decision-making in monkeys, and (3) Evaluate a putative neural substrate of auditory cognitive control using comparative studies across humans, orangutans, and monkeys. For the first aim, whether monkeys engage in active maintenance of information in auditory working memory will be tested using competing cognitive load and directed forgetting manipulations in auditory memory tests. For the second aim, control of auditory attention will be evaluated using tasks that require flexibly focusing auditory attention and filtering auditory distractors. Cognitive control of decision-making will be evaluated using tests of adaptive information-seeking. For the third aim, auditory cognitive abilities will be compared across monkeys, orangutans, and humans to evaluate the putative correlation between these skills and expansion of the dorsal auditory pathway. The proposed research is innovative because it uses novel tests of auditory working memory, attentional control, and adaptive decision-making that specifically dissociate these processes from non-controlled, passive, or automatic mechanisms. The work also achieves a systematic comparison of auditory memory across primates using equivalent tests. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to provide a robust foundation for future biomedical research on auditory-communicative deficits using proven primate models.