Local positivity and Diophantine applications

代数几何是数学的一个丰富的分支，它统一了代数、拓扑学、数论和微分几何。它允许人们将看似关于代数或数字的问题重新表述为关于形状的几何问题，反之亦然。它的起源在于人们认识到，寻找代数方程的解或理解其解的性质与这些方程所描述的形状的内在几何性质密切相关。丢番图的几何学是这种哲学最深远的实现之一。一般来说，它将多项式方程系统的有理数解的整体行为与这些方程所定义的相应形状上的曲率的整体行为联系起来。

Algebraic geometry is a rich branch of mathematics which unifies algebra, topology, number theory, and differential geometry. It allows one to reformulate questions which seem to be about algebra or numbers into geometrical questions about shape, or vice versa. Its origins lie in the realization that finding solutions to algebraic equations or understanding the properties of their solutions is intimately tied to the intrinsic geometric nature of the shapes those equations describe. Diophantine geometry is one of the most far-reaching realizations of this philosophy. In general terms it connects the global behaviour of rational number solutions to a system of polynomial equations with the global behaviour of the curvature on the corresponding shape defined by those equations. Previous research by the applicant has extended classic approximation results on the line to arbitrary projective varieties. One of the new ideas introduced was to consider the local influence of curvature on questions of local approximation by rational points. This proposal aims to combine this insight with new ideas from birational and asymptotic algebraic geometry to establish new results in Diophantine geometry. The proposal also aims to contribute new results to questions surrounding positivity in algebraic geometry. The proposed research will train four undergraduate students, three master's students, three doctoral students, and two postdoctoral fellows.