Decoding Age Differences in Emotional Well-being and Positivity through Everyday Natural Conversations

通过日常自然对话解读情绪健康和积极性的年龄差异

• 批准号: 10667001
• 负责人: Natalie Shook
• 金额: $ 8.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10667001
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Age Years; Aging; Assessment tool; Attention; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Cessation of life; Code; Cognitive; Collaborations; Colorado; Crying; Data Reporting; Devices; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Event; Exhibits; Feasibility Studies; Foundations; Future; Goals; Happiness; Health; Hour; Individual; Intervention; Language; Laughter; Life; Literature; Longevity; Measures; Mental Health; Methodology; Moods; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Population; Process; Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Social Behavior; Social Environment; Systems Analysis; Testing; Time; Verbal Behavior; Weight; Well in self; age difference; age related; cognitive process; digital; experience; healthy aging; human old age (65+); indexing; information processing; innovation; knowledge base; loved ones; member; middle age; novel; physical conditioning; positive mood; programs; psychologic; recruit; social; stem; theories; tool; young adult

Project Summary With age, individuals are often faced with more negative life events, such as declining health or the death of a loved one. But, older adults tend to report better emotional well-being than younger adults (e.g., more positive affect, greater happiness), and older adults show a greater attention to and appreciation for positive information relative to negative information compared to younger adults. These differences suggest that basic cognitive and emotional processes may change in older age, becoming more positive in general. However, most of the existing evidence regarding these age differences is based on self-report measures and lab-based tasks. Thus, it is uncertain whether these age differences are observable in the “real-world.” Furthermore, the reasons for age differences in emotional well-being or appreciation for positive information are unclear. The proposed project is a feasibility study in which an innovative behavioral assessment will be utilized to test whether age differences in emotional well-being and appreciation of positive information can be captured in natural, everyday social environments. Furthermore, a behavioral assessment of present moment time perspective will be tested as a possible mechanism underlying age differences in emotional well-being and appreciation for positive information. An adult life-span sample (N =120; 40 young adults, 40 middle-aged adults, and 40 older adults) will be recruited to wear a digital recording device for four days (two week days and two weekend days), recording for at least eight consecutive hours each day. Audio recordings will then be coded for emotional well-being, positivity versus negativity, and time perspective. Older age is expected to be related to better emotional well-being. That is, older adults' conversations are expected to contain more behavioral indicators of positive mood (e.g., laughter, calmness). Older age is also expected to be associated with greater emphasis on positive than negative information, as indexed by a greater proportion of positive conversation content than negative content. Finally, older age is expected to be associated with greater focus on present time, rather than past or future, as indexed by conversation content and verb tense. Differential time perspective may account for age differences in emotional well-being and positivity. The proposed project will clarify whether age differences in emotional well-being and appreciation for positive information are phenomena observable in everyday life and will potentially elucidate an underlying mechanism – present time perspective. The proposed feasibility study will provide a novel, ecologically valid assessment tool of emotional well-being, positivity, and time perspective in an adult lifespan sample and will serve as the foundation for future collaboration between the team members and research on healthy aging. In particular, findings from this study may inform interventions to promote emotional well-being and subsequent mental and physical health in older adults, as well as people of all ages.

项目摘要 随着年龄的增长，个人经常面临更多的负面生活事件，例如健康状况下降或死亡 亲人。但是，老年人比年轻人倾向于报告更好的情感幸福感（例如，更积极的 情感，更大的幸福）和老年人对积极的关注和欣赏 与年轻人相比，相对于负面信息的信息。这些差异表明基本 认知和情感过程可能会在老年中改变，总体上变得更加积极。然而， 有关这些年龄差异的大多数现有证据都是基于自我报告措施和基于实验室的措施 任务。这是不确定这些年龄差异在“现实世界”中是否可以观察到的。此外， 尚不清楚情绪健康或对积极信息的欣赏的年龄差异的原因。这 拟议的项目是一项可行性研究，其中将使用创新的行为评估来测试 是否可以在情感健康方面的年龄差异和对积极信息的欣赏。 自然，每天的社交环境。此外，对当前时刻时间的行为评估 观点将被测试为情感健康和年龄差异的可能机制 感谢积极信息。成人寿命样本（n = 120; 40名年轻人，40个中年 成人和40名老年人）将被招募到四天（两周）的数字录音设备中 和两个周末），每天至少连续八个小时录制。然后，录音将是 编码为情感健康，积极与负面和时间视角。预计年龄较大 与更好的情感健康有关。也就是说，老年人的对话预计将包含更多 积极情绪的行为指标（例如笑声，平静）。年纪大龄还会有关联 比起负面信息更强调正面的阳性信息 对话内容多于负面内容。最后，预计年龄更大 在目前的时间，而不是过去或将来，这是由对话内容和动词时态所索引的。差异时间 观点可能解释了情绪健康和潜力的年龄差异。拟议的项目将 阐明情感健康和对积极信息的欣赏的年龄差异是否是 在日常生活中可观察到的现象，并有可能阐明一种基本机制 - 当前时间 看法。拟议的可行性研究将提供一种新颖的，生态有效的评估工具 成人寿命样本中的幸福感，积极性和时间视角，将作为基础 团队成员与健康衰老研究之间的未来合作。特别是从中发现 研究可能会为干预措施提供信息，以促进情绪健康以及随后的身心健康 老年人以及各个年龄段的人。