Discovering mechanisms of fatty acid nutrition in fish for aquaculture sustainability

发现鱼类脂肪酸营养机制以实现水产养殖的可持续性

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05400
• 负责人: Colombo, Stefanie
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Dalhousie University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713659
• 关键词: Discovering; mechanisms; fatty; acid; nutrition

With the global population expected to surpass nine billion by 2050, pressure on our ocean resources as a source of food will challenge both our environment and our health. Our oceans uniquely supply the omega-3 (n-3) long chain- polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) that have critical roles in the physiological functioning of vertebrates. Fish are typically our main dietary source of n-3 LC-PUFA, and the majority of our seafood is now produced through aquaculture. However, challenges concerning environmental sustainability, use of marine resources, and climate change threaten the production of n-3 LC-PUFA in aquaculture. Farmed fish were traditionally fed diets composed of fish meal and oil, harvested from marine fisheries. This supplied the fish with a source of n-3 LC-PUFA; however, reliance on the limited supply of wild fish is unsustainable. Further, n-3 LC-PUFA are threatened by climate change because they are optimally produced in colder waters. External pressures on aquaculture due to climate change have potential to further impact nutritional quality of feeds, especially n-3 LC-PUFA, as well as fish metabolism. Understanding how fish can change and adapt biochemically and metabolically to fundamental shifts in their diet is important from physiological, ecological, and aquaculture perspectives. The long-term goal of my program is to understand and discover novel processes in fatty acid nutrition and metabolism in fish, in the context of aquaculture. This work is critical toward producing a sustainable supply of n-3 LC-PUFA from farmed fish, while using our ocean resources effectively. The overall objective is to understand the impacts of external factors, such as limited essential nutrients and climate change, on the growth and metabolism of farmed fish. This Discovery grant has three objectives that focus on the n-3 LC-PUFA in fish. Objective 1) Discover novel sources of n-3 LC-PUFA to replace fish oil, and to understand the impact on growth, metabolism, and n-3 LC-PUFA storage in fish. Objective 2) Understand and improve n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis in fish. Objective 3) Understand how climate change may impact nutritional resources, and nutrient metabolism in fish.

到2050年，全球人口预计将超过90亿，作为食物来源的海洋资源面临的压力将对我们的环境和健康构成挑战。我们的海洋提供独特的omega-3 （n-3）长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA），它在脊椎动物的生理功能中起着至关重要的作用。鱼类通常是我们n-3 LC-PUFA的主要饮食来源，我们现在的大部分海鲜都是通过水产养殖生产的。然而，环境可持续性、海洋资源利用和气候变化等方面的挑战威胁着水产养殖中n-3 LC-PUFA的生产。传统上，养殖鱼的饲料由鱼粉和鱼油组成，从海洋渔业中收获。这为鱼提供了n-3 LC-PUFA的来源；然而，依靠有限的野生鱼类供应是不可持续的。此外，n-3 LC-PUFA受到气候变化的威胁，因为它们最适合在较冷的水域生产。气候变化对水产养殖造成的外部压力有可能进一步影响饲料的营养质量，特别是n-3 LC-PUFA，以及鱼类的代谢。从生理学、生态学和水产养殖的角度来看，了解鱼类如何改变和适应生物化学和代谢，以适应其饮食的基本变化是很重要的。