Human Factors in Simulations of Operations Systems - A Sociotechnical Approach

操作系统模拟中的人为因素 - 社会技术方法

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-05956
• 负责人: Neumann, Patrick
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Ryerson University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=713963
• 关键词: Human; Factors; Simulations; Operations; Systems

The long term objective of this research is to establish a suite of practical tools and simulation methods that can help designers and managers better consider human factors (HF) in their efforts to design work systems that are healthy, with high quality goods and services, while providing superior technical performance. Over 2 million people are killed each year due to work related causes. Work related ill health costs about 4% of the total world domestic product, estimated in the US to be on par with all cancers combined. Epidemiological evidence suggests this issue can be addressed by improving the design of work. Understanding the effects of workplace design on employees can be difficult, so we propose to build computer simulation models that let managers and engineers understand the human effects of the choices they make when designing and managing their work systems. We propose to create novel approaches to using discrete event simulations of systems, and system dynamics modelling of organisations that can reveal the long-run effects of early-stage operational design choices on employees and subsequently on work performance. Development will occur in a series of staged projects in which the HF and context of concern will be used to extend the modelling capability. Variables proposed for modelling include, but are not limited to: 1) Operator Workload including: work pace, process variability, scheduling, division of labour, peak and accumulated biomechanical demands, and cognitive demands; 2) Operator Outcome variables such as competency level (via learning and forgetting models), fatigue state, pain levels, psychosocial states such as burnout or satisfaction levels, absenteeism, presenteeism, and turnover; and 3) System Outcome variables such as service or product quality, productivity, scrap, direct and indirect system costs associated with operational and human resource related costs. We will pursue an ever broadening range of HF to achieve unparalleled “humanization” of the system simulation approach. The program uses specific operational design issues such as the effects of intensification due to lean-styled “waste removal” efforts, the use of parallelised production strategies, and the impacts of changes in patient acuity, and care-giver workload in healthcare systems. We will work directly with industry and healthcare managers to help identify “win-win” design solutions with superior performance and improved working conditions. Working collaboratively allows us to tailor models to the needs of these decision-makers. This program will create new methods for designers and managers to understand how HF in their system design are affecting their employees wellbeing and thus their work performance. This research will open the door for workplace innovation to create benefits for individuals, organisations, and for society at large.

本研究的长期目标是建立一套实用的工具和仿真方法，可以帮助设计人员和管理人员更好地考虑人的因素（HF），在他们的努力，设计工作系统是健康的，高品质的商品和服务，同时提供上级的技术性能。 每年有超过200万人因工作原因而死亡。 与工作相关的健康不良成本约占全球国内生产总值的4%，在美国估计与所有癌症的总和相当。 流行病学证据表明，这一问题可以通过改进工作设计来解决。 了解工作场所设计对员工的影响可能很困难，因此我们建议建立计算机模拟模型，让管理人员和工程师了解他们在设计和管理工作系统时所做选择的人为影响。 我们建议创建新的方法来使用离散事件模拟系统，系统动力学建模的组织，可以揭示长期的影响，早期阶段的操作设计选择对员工和随后的工作表现。 开发将在一系列分阶段的项目中进行，其中HF和关注的背景将用于扩展建模能力。提出用于建模的变量包括但不限于：1）操作员能力，包括：工作速度、过程可变性、调度、劳动分工、峰值和累积的生物力学需求以及认知需求; 2）操作员结果变量，如能力水平（通过学习和遗忘模型）、疲劳状态、疼痛水平、社会心理状态（如倦怠或满意度）、缺勤、出勤，和营业额;以及3）系统结果变量，例如服务或产品质量、生产率、废料、与操作和人力资源相关成本相关的直接和间接系统成本。 我们将追求不断扩大的高频范围，以实现无与伦比的“人性化”的系统仿真方法。该计划使用特定的操作设计问题，如集约化的影响，由于精益风格的“废物清除”的努力，使用并行生产策略，并在病人的病情变化的影响，和护理人员的工作量在医疗保健系统。 我们将直接与行业和医疗保健管理人员合作，帮助确定具有上级性能和改善工作条件的“双赢”设计解决方案。 合作使我们能够根据这些决策者的需求定制模型。 该计划将为设计人员和管理人员创造新的方法，以了解HF在其系统设计中如何影响员工的福祉，从而影响他们的工作绩效。 这项研究将为工作场所创新打开大门，为个人、组织和整个社会创造利益。