Synthetic aviation turbine fuel: Key property relationships

在加拿大，正在推动用可再生材料或废物生产喷气燃料，以增加从石油中生产航空涡轮机燃料(喷气燃料)。用石油以外的原料生产的喷气燃料称为合成喷气燃料。对于从可再生材料或废物中生产的煤油，要符合生产合成喷气燃料的混合成分的资格，它必须满足喷气燃料的适当规格和合成喷气燃料的额外规格要求。从可再生材料或废物中生产的石油总是需要进一步提炼才能达到这些规格。需要进一步提炼的程度并不总是明确的，因为组成和散装性质之间的关系并不是所有关键的喷气燃料性质都建立起来的。 这项研究旨在为喷气燃料的两个关键性质：冻结开始和低温粘度建立基于组成的关系。之所以关注冻结和低温粘度的起始值，是因为没有可靠的预测方法可用于预测这些性质。由于不知道组成如何影响这些性质，因此很难预测更广泛的煤油馏分中可以考虑包含在合成喷气燃料中的沸点范围是多少。这也使得很难制定适当的提炼战略，将可再生材料和废物中的石油转化为合成喷气燃料所需的符合规格的混合成分。 将遵循的方法是通过实验测量各种煤油范围混合物的冻结和低温粘度的开始，然后以类似于Cookson、Lloyd和Smith(Energy Fuels 1987，1,438-447)对石油衍生喷气燃料的建议的方式将其与组成相关联。 这项工作将考虑两种不同类型的煤油系列材料：(I)模型混合物，和(Ii)合成煤油系列材料，即从可再生材料和/或废物转化过程中获得的煤油系列材料。 模型混合物将被用来探索特定的组成-性质关系。例如，当改变正构烷烃与异构烷比(或环烷比)时，确定性质的变化。在这些情况下，组成将是已知的，并且组成将是被操纵的变量。合成煤油将被用来证明组成-性质关系是稳健的、有效的，并可应用于与真实煤油相关的研究。

In Canada there is a drive to augment aviation turbine fuel (jet fuel) production from petroleum with jet fuel production from renewable or waste materials. Jet fuel produced from feed material other than petroleum is called synthetic jet fuel. For kerosene produced from renewable or waste materials to qualify as blending components to produce synthetic jet fuel, it must meet the appropriate specifications for both jet fuel and the additional specification requirements for synthetic jet fuel. The oil produced from renewable or waste materials invariably requires further refining to meet those specifications. The extent to which further refining is required is not always clear, because the relationship between composition and bulk properties is not established for all key jet fuel properties. This study aims to develop a composition-based relationship for two of the key jet fuel properties: onset of freezing and low temperature viscosity. The reason for focusing on onset of freezing and cryogenic viscosity is because there are no reliable predictive methods available for those properties. Not knowing how composition affects these properties, makes it difficult to predict what boiling range of material in the broader kerosene fraction can be considered for inclusion in synthetic jet fuel. It also makes it difficult to devise appropriate refining strategies for converting oil from renewable and waste materials into on-specification blending components for synthetic jet fuel. The approach that will be followed is to experimentally measure onset of freezing and cryogenic viscosity for a variety of kerosene range mixtures and then relate those to composition in a way analogous to what was proposed by Cookson, Lloyd and Smith (Energy Fuels 1987, 1, 438-447) for petroleum-derived jet fuels. Two different types of kerosene range materials will be considered in this work: (i) model mixtures, and (ii) synthetic kerosenes, i.e. kerosene range material derived from processes for the conversion of renewable and/or waste materials. Model mixtures will be used to probe specific composition-property relationships. For example, to determine the change in properties as n-alkane to iso-alkane ratio (or cycloalkane ratio) is changed. In these instances the composition would be known and composition would be a manipulated variable. Synthetic kerosenes will be used to demonstrate that the composition-property relationships are robust, valid and can be applied to relevant to real kerosenes.