Examining risk of, and management strategies for, ship biofouling as a vector of aquatic nonindigenous species to Canada

检查船舶生物污垢作为加拿大水生非本地物种载体的风险和管理策略

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06561
• 负责人: Bailey, Sarah
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=714343
• 关键词: Examining; risk; management; strategies; ship

Species that have established populations outside of their native range are known as nonindigenous species and those having negative impact as invasive species. The impact of species invasions has become increasingly problematic as globalization has increased both intentional and unintentional species transfers worldwide. Invasive species may impact recipient ecosystems by competing with native species for limited resources and disrupting the natural food web, causing local extinctions and damaging ecosystem function and natural resources in many terrestrial and aquatic systems. International shipping provides an effective dispersal mechanism that allows species to bypass biogeographic barriers and reach areas far beyond their native range. A wide variety of marine species can attach to ship hulls and be moved to distant ports as biofouling. This proposed research will initiate a comprehensive ship biofouling program for Canadian waters by examining the ship operational factors (e.g. sailing speed, port layover time, antifouling management practices, and voyage history) that are associated with higher risk of species introductions. This research will examine the potential for establishment and negative impacts after species are introduced based on climate and prior invasion history. This study will identify which shipping pathways are likely to pose the greatest risk of introduction of aquatic nonindigenous species to Canada by biofouling, and which Canadian ports/locations are most vulnerable to future introductions. This project will develop a decision-support tool that can be used to predict/prioritize ships arriving to Canada for future research or monitoring activities; and will identify a “Canada's least wanted” list of nonindigenous species that could be used to guide monitoring (early detection) activities at the high risk ports/locations. Finally, this project will examine tools for the assessment and management of biofouling, potentially identifying practices that can be used to manage or reduce the risk of new introductions associated with shipping. This research is expected to improve marine transportation practices related to the global transfer of aquatic nonindigenous species. This research will enable government to make regulatory decisions and industry to institute best management practices, based on scientific evidence, that will provide better environmental protection of Canada's aquatic ecosystems.

在其原生范围之外建立种群的物种被称为非土著物种，而那些具有负面影响的物种被称为入侵物种。随着全球化增加了世界范围内有意和无意的物种转移，物种入侵的影响变得越来越成问题。入侵物种可能会与本土物种争夺有限的资源，扰乱自然食物网，导致当地灭绝，破坏许多陆地和水生系统的生态系统功能和自然资源，从而影响接受者的生态系统。 国际航运提供了一种有效的扩散机制，允许物种绕过生物地理障碍，到达远远超出其原生范围的地区。各种各样的海洋物种可以附着在船体上，并作为生物污垢被转移到遥远的港口。这项拟议的研究将通过检查与较高的物种引入风险相关的船舶操作因素(例如航行速度、港口停靠时间、防污管理做法和航行历史)，为加拿大水域启动全面的船舶生物污损计划。这项研究将根据气候和以前的入侵历史，研究物种引入后建立的可能性和负面影响。这项研究将确定哪些运输路径可能对通过生物污染引入加拿大的水生非土著物种构成最大风险，以及哪些加拿大港口/地点最容易受到未来引入的影响。该项目将开发一个决策支持工具，可用于预测抵达加拿大进行未来研究或监测活动的船只/确定优先次序；并将确定可用于指导高风险港口/地点的监测(早期发现)活动的“加拿大最不想要的”非土著物种名单。最后，该项目将审查评估和管理生物污损的工具，潜在地确定可用于管理或减少与航运相关的新引入的风险的做法。 这项研究有望改善与全球水生非土著物种转移有关的海洋运输做法。这项研究将使政府能够做出监管决策，使行业能够基于科学证据建立最佳管理实践，从而为加拿大的水生生态系统提供更好的环境保护。